Political philosophy Free Essays

Michel De Montage’s Of Cannibalism uses several different themes and techniques to exemplify his belief that human nature is innately good. Imitation slanders the Resurrection Western culture by comparing them to uncivilized natives who live with nature. Imitation begins by bashing at the Western Worlds values and stating, â€Å"really it is those that we have changed artificially and led astray from the common order that we should rather call wild† (Imitation 152). We will write a custom essay sample on Political philosophy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Imitation then refers to the natives life and highlights all of the stigmas that are absent in their lives, â€Å"the very words that signify lying, treachery, dissimulation, avarice, envy, belittling, pardon- unheard of† (Imitation 153)†¦ Rather their culture values â€Å"valor against the enemy and love for their wives† (Imitation 154). According to Imitation the concept of human nature is eternally good and derives from the simplistic ways of the natives. The European Western culture refers to the natives who live with nature in simplicity and harmony as barbaric, when in laity they surpass the natives in several forms of barbarity†¦ L think there is more barbarity in eating a man alive than in eating him dead; and in tearing him by tortures and the rack a body still full of feeling, in roasting a man bit by bit, in having him bitten and mangled by dogs and swine, than in roasting and eating him after he is dead† (Imitation 155). Essentially, Imitatio n is justifying the so-called â€Å"barbaric† natives and their practice of cannibalism by implying that his European people are even crueler due to the corruption of society. Europeans have damaged the pure state of nature with their overspent, while the â€Å"savages† live in a state of bliss. â€Å"So we may call these people barbarians, in respect to the rules of reason, but not in respect to ourselves who surpass them in every kind of barbarity† (Imitation 158). Imitation is implying that part of our deferred human nature is to view any other belief, lifestyle, or ritual different than ours as barbaric†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Each man calls barbarism whatever is not his own 152). Michael De Imitation believes that the natives lifestyle is our origin of society; the Western culture is the lifestyle presented by the soiled human mind. He tastes â€Å"Neither is it reasonable that art should gain the pre-eminence of our great and powerful mother nature. We have so surcharged her with the additional ornaments and graces we have added to the beauty and riches of her own works by our inventions, that have almost smothered her† (Imitation 1 52) thus exemplifying how our society has taken away the value of purity and simplification. Consequently, Imitation sheds light upon how our human nature also continuously pushes us to reach further than we can. Our society originated upon simplicity of the natives â€Å"They are still in that pappy state of desiring only as much as their natural needs demand, anything beyond that is superfluous to them† (Imitation 1 56) we have evolved to become a barbaric society that finds natures purity mundane. The ethnographic resource that Imitation used to determine his stance upon human nature is primarily a secondary source man who lived with the natives for ten to twelve years. Essentially, Imitation used the information from this man to draw his conclusions regarding human nature and the origin of our society. This information enabled him to make a drastic comparison between he two groups, allowing him to oversimplify the natives and bash on the Western Europeans. With these resources, Imitation stated that our pure unsoiled human nature is good and our society and desire to strive for more has corrupted us and consequently propelled the evolution in human behavior. All of Montage’s beliefs are primarily drawn from another man who lived with the natives, since this is a secondary resource Montage’s credibility is highly questionable and more likely to be biased upon is interpretation of that man. Another significant writer whose thoughts and ideas correlate with Michael De Imitation is Rousseau Jean-Jacques. In Rousseau The Social Contract and Discourses he described all the different types of inequalities that exist between humans in an attempt to determine whether they are â€Å"natural/physical† or â€Å"unnatural†. His overall belief, like Imitation, is that human nature is innately good and it is our society that has corrupted us. Rousseau states that the savage man is self sufficient and content with what he has, â€Å"l see him satisfying his hunger at the first brook; finding his bed at the foot of the tree which afforded him a repast; and, with hat, all his wants supplied† (Rousseau 47). Rousseau begins by explaining how the nature of man is very similar to that of an animal and the only difference between man and animals appear when the concept of perfectibility and free will is included. With this difference, that in the operations of the brute, nature is the sole agent, whereas man has some share in his own operations, in his character as a free agent. The one chooses and refuses by instinct, the other from an act of free will† (Rousseau 53). The underlying inequality between the two demonstrates that man yearns to Moore the nature in which things must be and rather chooses to follow their free will, â€Å"men run into excesses which bring on fevers and death; because the mind depraves the senses, and the will continues to speak when nature is silent† (Rousseau 54). It is in our human nature to adapt to our natural environments and survive upon what nature has provided us with; ‘those who come well formed into the world she renders strong and robust, and all the rest she destroys† (Rousseau 48). Rousseau questions the civilized man by highlighting what his abilities could be without machines. He states â€Å"If he has n axe, would he have been able with his naked arm to break so large a branch? If he had a sling would he be able to throw a stone with so great velocity†¦ F he had a horse, would he have been himself so swift of a foot? â€Å"(Rousseau 48). All of these questions emphasize that man is and should be capable of completing all basic tasks without the aid of machines that our society has created. An isolated man without all of these equipment’s is forced to adapt and shape himself to his environment, thus proving that our human nature is self sufficient and good without societies corruption. We ay conclude tha t the origin of our society consists of savage men who did not have the power civilized men do. Essentially, the change in our society corrupted human nature and caused a great sense of inequality â€Å"Give civilized man time to gather all his machines about him, and he will no doubt easily beat the savage; but if you would see a still more unequal contest, set them together naked and unarmed, and you will soon see the advantage of having all our forces at our disposal†(Rousseau 48). Thus proving how our society has corrupted natural law and created new forms of inequality that defy eternalness. The overall force that propelled a change in our society is the increase of human population. As times began to evolve men started to settle down, build families, and create languages, which resulted in the development of reason and ultimately striped us from our natural environment. â€Å"By become inning domesticated they lose half these advantages†¦ As he becomes social and a slave, he grows weak, timid, and servile; his effeminate way of life totally enervates his strength and courage† (Rousseau 52). Rousseau drew his ethnographic resource from Thomas Hobbler’s work n the state of human nature by countering him completely. Hobbes believed that when a man is in his natural state his is in an egocentric violent state, and society is the only way to prevent that. Rousseau defies his beliefs by claiming the opposite, when a man is in a state of nature he is with peace and happiness and society is what corrupts that. The last philosophical writer, Thomas Hobbes, portrays a perspective on human nature that defies Imitation and Rousseau. Hobbes believes that human nature is entirely greedy and ill without the stabilization provided by a greater power such as he establishment of a state to protect all its citizens. Hobbes begins his argument by claiming that he has found a greater equality than strength amongst men, which is their wisdom (Hobbes 183). He then continues to State that human nature is greedy, envious, and self praising ‘Yet they will hardly believe that any so wise as themselves, for they see their own wit at hand and other men’s at a distance† (Hobbes 184). This explains why man lives in a constant state of reaction to the worldly encounters he has, thus provoking his desires and wants in the world. At a pure state of nature man is essentially fighting three things â€Å"Competition, diffidence, and glory† and this is all for the desire of gain, safety, and reputation of man (Hobbes 185). Essentially, the state of nature makes men go against each other and create a constant state of war â€Å"during the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in the condition which is called Ware; and such a Ware, as if every man, against every man† (Hobbes 185). In a pure state of nature any man can kill anyone creating a constant fear and anxiety since everyone is essentially equal. When taking a journey his arms himself, and seeks to go well accompanied; when going to sleep he locks his odors; when even in his house he locks his chests† (Hobbes 186-187). Hobbes claims that it is not a sin that human nature is to feel insecure and greedy of one another because everyone man just wants to protect his own life, but the only solution is to have a greater power to protect everyone’s right. â€Å"The desires and other passions of men are in themselves no sin. â€Å"No more are the actions that proceed from those passions, till they know a Law that forbids them†(Hobbes 187). By having a greater power protecting everyone’s life, man is able to live in a state of peace â€Å"Where there is no Common Power, there is no Law; Where no Law, no Injustice Force and Fraud are in Ware the two Cardinal virtues† (Hobbes 188) Hobbes believes that having a greater power to protect all men’s lives is what our society originated upon. Without society, man alone is a greedy, lustful, and selfish for the protection of his own well- being. In a state of pure nature all men are equal and anyone can kill each other, our society (greater power) comes in to protect everyone of their sights, thus saving humanity. Essentially, mans envious selfish desire propelled a change for a higher power, thus demonstrating the evolution of human history from solitude to civilization. Hobbes most likely used the Jesuit Relations as his ethnographic resources to draw his conclusions. This to some degree is a biased conclusion because he is stating that the only solution to the greedy human nature is a greater power of protection, in reality there may be several other solutions as well. All three philosophical thinkers are similar and very different in regards to the concept of human nature. In general, all three thinkers agree that society has propelled a change within our human nature. Imitation and Rousseau believe that society corrupted our human nature, while Hobbes believes that it protected us. Overall, the thought processes and beliefs of all writers are biased in regards to the time period they are living in. Each writer is speaking in perspective to what is going on in the current society and their interpretations of it. This allows us to understand how our history has changed and the overall effects it has upon human nature; which is constantly evolving based on society. How to cite Political philosophy, Papers

Economic Problems free essay sample

In short, the economic problem is the choice one must make, arising out of limited means and unlimited wants. he economic problem is most simply explained by the question how do we satisfy unlimited wants with limited resources? The premise of the economic problem model is that wants are constant and infinite due to constantly changing demands (often closely related to changing demographics of the population). However, resources in the world to satisfy human wants are always limited to the amount of natural or human resources available. The economic problem, and methods to curb it, revolve around the idea of choice in prioritizing which wants can be fulfilled.. and how do we know what to produce for the economy. Needs Needs are material items people need for survival, such as food, clothing, housing and ware. Until the Industrial Revolution, the vast majority of the worlds population struggled for access to basic human needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Problems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wants While the basic needs of survival are important in the function of the economy, wants are the driving force which stimulates demand for goods and services. In order to curb the economic problem, economists must classify the nature and different wants of consumers, as well as prioritize wants and organize production to satisfy as many wants as possible. One assumption often made in mainstream neoclassical economics (and the methods which attempt to solve the economic problem) is that humans inherently pursue their self-interest and the market mechanism best satisfies the various wants different individuals might have. These wants are often classified into individual wants, which depend on the individuals preferences and purchasing power parity, and collective wants, those of entire groups of people. Things such as food and clothing can be classified as either wants or needs, depending on what type and how often a good is asked for. Wants are effective desires for a particular product, or something which can only be obtained by working for it. Choice The economic problem fundamentally revolves around the idea of choice, which ultimately must answer the problem. Due to the limited resources available, businesses must determine what to produce first to satisfy demand. Consumers are considered the biggest influences of this choice, and the goods which they want must also fit within their budgets and purchasing power parity. Different economic models place choice in different hands. Socialism asserts that producers (workers) should have some control over the decisions that affect their welfare in the workplace and on the governmental level, which cooperatively formulates economic plans for economic decisions regarding the allocation and use of capital goods. Socialist systems that utilize the market for this role are termed market socialism. The idea of State socialism argues that most or all major economic choices (regarding production, allocation of inputs and distribution of output) should be made through central planning by the government. Only by constructing a cohesive plan that takes the good of everyone into account, so the idea states, can the best allocation of resources be achieved. (Also see Planned economy. ) Communism refers to a stage of development where the productive forces are advanced to such a degree that it solves the economic problem, insofar as needs are concerned. A communist system is a highly developed form of socialism where productive property is held in common, individual autonomy from coercive social relations is abolished and the state no longer exists. (Also see Marxism. ) Capitalism argues for a system where private businesses (and some state-owned enterprises, in the case of mixed economies) make economic ecisions regarding investment decisions, production levels and distribution of output, where in the role of the government is to protect the property rights of individuals and companies, provide the institutional and infrastructural framework for the development of a market economy and the provision of some government social programs. In a free-market economy, which exists without the constraints of government wage and price controls, proponents of market capitalism argue that resources are automatically allocated toward the things that society collectively values the most. This form of capitalism argues for a laissez-faire approach, wherein the role of the government is to protect the property rights of individuals and companies so that they can have the confidence to undertake the economic activity (and risks) that will create the most value. If a good or service is overvalued (i. e. , the price is too high), the surplus will force providers of the good or service to lower their prices or to re-allocate their capacity to produce something more worthwhile. If the supply of a good or service is inadequate, rising prices increase the value and so cause more production.

Critical Decisions for ERP Integration

Question: Discuss about the Critical Decisions for ERP Integration. Answer: Introduction. The most competitive advantage of a business largely depends on its possibility to benefit from innovation activities. Understanding a number of the internal and external factors that affect a business and its management is necessary to decide the innovation strategy that will eventually yield income for the organization. Business is an organization where an exchange of goods and services takes place for money or one another (Trkman, 2010). Business decision making is not just a one-time experiment; it is a continuous process that must be solved in harmony with the organization strategy. Critical organizational issues are usually accompanied by lots of business processes, business structure, and strategy. A critical business issue can be defined as a problem or opportunity which is critical to the general success of an organization. This paper aims at examining some of the critical issues that are related to business and management context, and to gain clarity of the contextual facto rs that affect an organizational business decision making. Organizational behaviors Organizational behaviors define both the supervisory relationships, the structure of a business and workflow within the organization. The behaviors of an employee at work are different from their behaviors in a social setting or at home. There are certain factors that can motivate an employee or contribute to disengagement. These includes; culture, motivation, decision-making and change management (Ajmal, Martel Kokale, 2010). When a new employee enters an organization, their behaviour will be determined by the organizational culture. People tend to fit in the environment around them since they are social beings. If an organizations culture encourages its employees to speak up without fear, then new employees will embrace this as well. While if an organizations culture encourages the shoot the messenger trend, then it is clear that the employees will keep their opinions to themselves. Employees are mostly motivated when they can spot a clear distinction between the efforts that they put and the rewards they receive when they work hard. A salary should not be the only reason for an employee top show up at work (Klibi, Martel Guitoni, 2010). Rewards must be available and should fair and equitable to ensure that the employees of the organization are inspired to work hard. Human beings make business decisions, whether at the organizational or individual levels. The organizations' behaviour greatly informs the peoples decision making process. Businesses with excellent and good communication mechanisms make it easier for staff to make effective choices because well acquainted with the concepts of the business in question. All businesses should respond to dynamic markets, critical requirements and client demands if they must succeed. Businesses and companies can manage change effectively if they understand the organizational behaviour (Klibi, Martel Guitoni, 2010). The need for change in an organization should be openly discussed; employees should be involved and given a chance to participate fully. Business managers should also adapt to the changes. Environmental sources Both internal and external environmental factors influence business. The internal factors includes those factors which exist within the organizations' premises. They affect the different operations that take place in the business. The internal factors include; a value system, mission and objectives, financial factors and internal relationship (Russo Perrini, 2010). A value system is the culture and norms of a given organization; this is the regulatory system or framework of the business. Every employee and managers are required to act within the limits of this framework. The missions and objectives guide an organization's different priorities, policies, and philosophies. Financial factors which come in forms of policies, financial status and capital structures also affects the performance and strategies of the business. Internal relationships refer to the support that the executive management is given by all the stakeholders of the business. Outside factors affecting a business can be further divided into micro and macro environment factors. The microenvironment factors include suppliers, competitors and marketing intermediaries. Suppliers are the people who have the responsibility of supplying the necessary inputs to an organization. The organizations management should keep a close look on the market come up with necessary strategies and policies that will enable them to face the competition they face from other organizations (Malhotra Temponi, 2010). Marketing intermediaries help the organization in promoting, selling as well as distributing business goods and services to customers. This makes marketing intermediaries the only vital link between the business owners and consumers. These macro environment factors include economic, social, political and technological factors. Economic factors that affect business are the economic conditions together with policies that contribute to the economic environment together. An example includes rate, inflation, and impeding trade practices. The social factors are the general society, together with the priorities s well as preferences which include educational background, peoples purchasing power, and consumption patterns (Zikmund, Babin, Carr Griffin, 2013). The political factors are linked to business public affairs management and their impact on the organization. In order to maintain political stability in trade, it is important to maintain political stability. Recent technology helps improve the market attractiveness of a product hence making the commodity attractive to the end consumer. It is, therefore, important that a business keeps pace with the dynamic technologies to survive in the long run. Risk confronting the organization Organizations face all types of risks, some of these risks sometimes causes serious loss of profits others even leading to bankruptcy. Business is likely to face the following types of risks; strategic risks, risk of operation, risk of compliance, risks related to finances and reputational risks. Strategic risks are when the business strategy becomes less effective forcing the company to struggle to achieve its goals (George, McGahan Prabhu, 2012). Strategic risk can be caused by technological changes, a strong new competitor, shifts in the customer demand, cost of raw material spikes, and any other large scale change. Compliance risks involve a business ability to comply with all the required laws and regulations that apply to business. New laws are implemented all the time. Hence there is always a risk that an organization is likely to face more regulations in the near future. When the business expands, they may find the need to comply with new rules that did not exist when the bu siness was started. Operational risk involves an unexpected failure in an organizations day to day operations. This could be a technical failure or could be caused by the employees, management or the processes of the company. Am operational risk could also be caused sometimes by events outside an organizations' control, for example, a power cut, natural disaster, technical problems, etc. Financial risk refers to the finances flowing in and out of the organization, and the possible fact that a sudden financial loss could occur. Financial risk increases when a business engages in debts, especially if some of these debts are short term that is due in the near future (Sarkis, Zhu Lai, 2011). In any business, reputation is everything. If a reputation of a business is damaged, an immediate loss is realized as most customers attracted to organizations with good reputations. Reputational risks come off major lawsuits, embarrassing product recall or negative publicity about an organizations' staff or business i tself. Governance and legal requirement Many legislations affect businesses by providing legal definitions, establishing operational and finance related codes that should be followed by business firms. These legal requirements come in forms of regulatory, labour, tax and reporting legislations. The laws and regulations have a direct impact on how business firms operate within particular business environments. These forms of regulations are formulated and implemented as codes and environmental rules and regulations. Labour laws refers to regulations that look into the manner in which employees are treated in an organization. These includes regulations such as minimum pay, protection of workers, and payment garnishment rules. Tax laws that a business should consider are following the principles of accounting. However, many are viewed as significant notable deviations, such as the schedules regulating depreciations that the government allows (Taricchi, Toneli Cagnazzo, 2010). Finally, the laws and regulations of tax regulate s the manner in which organizations present their financial reports Organizational functions consist of a marketing department, Human Resources departments, and information technology departments. The organizational functions break the companys works into different groups, forcing the individual's group to accomplish their tasks or the whole organization suffers. Businesses can have different ways of dividing responsibilities and duties throughout the company (Doz, 2011). When each department completes their assigned task successfully, then everything runs smoothly. In a case where either an employee or a manager, fails to accomplish their task or delays to do so, there is a risk of not being able to deliver, hence pissing off customers and stakeholders, this will automatically result in the business realizing losses. Positive work and business practice In business, it makes much sense when employees are satisfied with their work as well as workplace conditions. This includes balancing the needs and capacity of the organization to that of the employees. There are certain areas that an organization needs to consider to enable a positive work in the business entity (Al-Debei Avison, 2010). These includes getting the basic conditions right, being a good communicator, having a positive management approach among others. Organizations who fail to set up good business practice may end up not running smoothly. Business owners should practice the art of engaging in meaningful dialogues, showing appreciation where necessary, listening to both customer and employees ideas and trusting team members as well. References Ajmal, M., Helo, P., Kekle, T. (2010). Critical factors for knowledge management in project business.Journal of knowledge management,14(1), 156-168. Al-Debei, M. M., Avison, D. (2010). Developing a unified framework of the business model concept.European Journal of Information Systems,19(3), 359-376. Doz, Y. (2011). Qualitative research for international business.Journal of International Business Studies,42(5), 582-590. George, G., McGahan, A. M., Prabhu, J. (2012). Innovation for inclusive growth: Towards a theoretical framework and a research agenda.Journal of management studies,49(4), 661- 683. Klibi, W., Martel, A., Guitouni, A. (2010). The design of robust value-creating supply chain networks: a critical review.European Journal of Operational Research,203(2), 283-293. Lin, F., Rodrguez-Cohard, J. C., Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education.International entrepreneurship and management Journal,7(2), 195-218. Malhotra, R., Temponi, C. (2010). Critical decisions for ERP integration: Small business issues.International Journal of Information Management,30(1), 28-37. Russo, A., Perrini, F. (2010). Investigating stakeholder theory and social capital: CSR in large firms and SMEs.Journal of Business ethics,91(2), 207-221. Sarkis, J., Zhu, Q., Lai, K. H. (2011). An organizational theoretic review of green supply chain management literature.International Journal of Production Economics,130(1), 1-15. Taticchi, P., Tonelli, F., Cagnazzo, L. (2010). Performance measurement and management: a literature review and a research agenda.Measuring business excellence,14(1), 4-18. Trkman, P. (2010). The critical success factors of business process management.International journal of information management,30(2), 125-134. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. City, Boston, MA. Cengage Learning.

Free King’s High Justice Informative Essay

Free King’s High Justice Informative Essay King’s High Justice Frollo, the Kings High Justice asserts that he is willing to defend France from heresy that can be spread by potential integration of Gypsy and other foreigners into Paris. The civility of the High Justice is in question in regard to prejudice against various groups of people; thus, the High Justice represents the force of oppression whereby Frollo intimidates people by asserting to reach a judgment to hang any critic of the old order. The High Justice is pleased to thwart physical processes of cooperation by creating divisions aimed at protecting Paris while discriminating against foreigners. Racial and ethnic hatred is used to justify oppression because of ignorance, limited capability to activate collective consciousness. Frollo the High Justice represents the unfair justice within Paris in regard to giving people to the freedom of though. Frollo is determined to preserving the old system by using discriminative measures whereby he is willing to hang anyone who disobeys order; he means elimination or xenophobia based on perceived prejudice. Frollo demonstrates more authorized habit when he protests before the King identifying that if he allowed freedom of Gypsies to develop, Paris civilization would weaken because foreigners lacked probable cultural values to survive in the city. Therefore, Frollo manipulates the administration of the High Justice agency to attack and destroy specific perceived foreigners; I for my part will protect France from these printed books as I will protect her from witches, sorcerers and Gypsies, the foreign race that is overrunning all of Europe( The hunchback of Notre dame 1). Ethnic and racial discrimination themes play turns in the movie when the Guard is lashing a carava n member believed to be Gypsies and foreigners. The High Justices mandate is expressed through the hand and mind of the Guard who forces Gypsies and other foreigners to understand the new law requiring foreigners to obtain a permit. Only Frenchmen are allowed to enter into Paris while the supporters of foreigners must undergo a rigorous permit issuance exercise. The Guard complains about the presence of foreigners in Paris; however, the Gypsy Man who stereotypes the new hope insists that the Frenchmen had no right to restrict the arriving foreigners Foreigners! You came yesterday, we come today (The hunchback of Notre dame 1). The Gypsy Man finds the High Justices rationale for cruelty quite amusing that he shrugs off the Guards attempt to halt the caravan. Localized discrimination is symbolized by the hunchback; when a girl runs into the hunchback, she runs crying directly into the grandmother who immediately informs her to go home and lit a candle to eliminate the intent of meeting the social superstitious person. Fear of superstitious created taboos and practices that created more fear among the people disarming the adventurous human spirit. For instance if the hunchback crosses the path of anyone in Paris by accident, there was a possibility of suffering from emotional setbacks due to the anxiety created by the social stereotypical hatred against the hunchback. The hunchback is defined as a strong, bow-legged yet horrible like the Cyclops (Eliot 57). The King is tolerant and aware of the social transformation process that lauds the success of the free thought and reprimands Frollo, the High Justice for his biased opinion about new freedom of thought. The King admits that the world is round after citing Christopher Columbuss experience in the sea, while those opposing the King like the 1st Courtier remain dogmatically influenced by the old control knowledge that conform to the idea that the world is flat. Oppression is based on limiting capacity and understanding that ultimately creates unrest and violence out of confusion. Antagonism between religion and science believes are tested when interpreting the right shape of the world whereby the flat theory is compared to the science stance that the earth is spherical. The evidence is reflected on questioning the progress of the new thought whereby every man in France would become literate and even. When Frollo rejects to cover for Esmeralda just because she is of foreign race, the Kin g scolds Frollo. Ironically, when the King asks Frollo if the gypsy woman made his pulse beat faster; the warning foreshadowed Frollos action of forcing Esmeralda to love him and when Esmeralda refused Frollo labeled her a witch. Quasimodo who first fell in love with the Esmeralda throws Frollo down the cathedral out of jealousy and in order to save Esmeralda from the gallows. Esmeralda represents the downtrodden foreigners in Paris Though they sometimes have a feeling, wrong choices in life because of ignorance determines the foreigners fate. For instance, Esmeralda believed to be safe with the soldier who takes orders from another authority (Eliot 43). Therefore, the execution of Esmeralda coincides with the elimination of the old thought influenced by ignorance about individual situations particularly concerning perceptions of beauty and frightful. The Archbishop is equally receptive in understanding the true social justice though quite dogmatic about the effects of oppression. At the Sanctuary, the Archbishop informs Esmeralda that her condition as a Gypsy should not disappoint her from achieving her objectives since everything is willed by the generosity of one giver. On the contrary, Frollo confronts Esmeralda as the Cathedral when praying making fun of her as a heathen not fit to pray in the cathedral (Eliot 14). Frollos discriminative approach is based on the notion that the famed dancer was shameless for awakening everymans sinful desires to look at the Gypsy Esmeralda. Gringoire helps Esmeralda escape from Frollos and Quasimodos firm grip. The poet is struggling for recognition and when he finds himself in the court of miracles he is condemned to death by hanging. Oppression is presented again when Gringoire marries Esmeralda only to be disappointed since she is in love with Phoebus. However, Phoebus is stabbed by Frollo who implicates Esmeralda. Frollo is determined to hang Esmeralda for refusing to accept him, but Quasimodo jumps from roof snatching Esmeralda to the cathedral where she is protected while Quasimodo hurled Frollo down from bell tower.

Quotes from Arthur Rimbauds Surrealist Writing

Quotes from Arthur Rimbaud's Surrealist Writing Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (1854 -1891) was a French writer and poet, best known for his surrealist writings, including Le Bateau Ivre (), Soleil et Chair (Sun and Flesh) and Saison dEnfer (Season in Hell). He published his first poem at the age of 16, but stopped writing altogether by the age of 21. Rimbauds writings contain references to the bohemian lifestyle he led when he lived in Paris, including his scandalous affair with the married poet Paul Verlaine. After several years of on-again, off-again, their relationship ended with Verlaine in jail for shooting Rimbaud in the wrist. It seems Rimbaud earned the nickname lenfant terrible which was bestowed on him by Paris society. Despite the turmoil and drama of his personal life, Rimbaud continued to write insightful, visionary poems that belied his young age during his time in Paris. After he abruptly ended his career as a poet, for reasons which are still unclear, Rimbaud traveled the world, traveling to England,  Germany and Italy, then enlisted in and deserted the Dutch army. His travels took him to Vienna, then to Egypt and Cyprus, Ethiopia and Yemen, becoming one of the first Europeans to visit that country. Verlaine edited and published Rimbauds Poesies completes after Rimbauds death from cancer. Although he only wrote for a brief period, Rimbaud has been a significant influence on French modern literature and art, as he strove through his writing to create an entirely new kind of creative language. Here are a few quotes from the translated work of Arthur Rimbaud: And again: No more gods! No more gods! Man is King, Man is God! - But the great Faith is Love! - Soleil et Chair (1870) But, truly, I have wept too much! The Dawns are heartbreaking. Every moon is atrocious and every sun bitter. - Le Bateau Ivre (1871) I am the slave of my baptism. Parents, you have caused my misfortune, and you have caused your own. - Saison dEnfer, Nuit de lEnfer (1874) Idle youth, enslaved to everything; by being too sensitive I have wasted my life. - Song of the Highest Tower (1872) Life is the farce which everyone has to perform. - Saison en Enfer, Mauvais Sang One evening I sat Beauty on my knees - And I found her bitter - And I reviled her. - Saison en Enfer, prologue. Only divine love bestows the keys of knowledge. - Une Saison en Enfer, Mauvais Sang The Sun, the hearth of affection and life, pours burning love on the delighted earth. - Soleil et Chair What a life! True life is elsewhere. We are not in the world. - Une Saison en Enfer: Nuit de L’Enfer

Solid-phase synthesis of Gly-Glu-Lys-Gly-Ala by Merrifields method Lab Report

Solid-phase synthesis of Gly-Glu-Lys-Gly-Ala by Merrifields method - Lab Report Example Step 6: Decoupling and reaction with resin bound Gly to form dipeptide (Boc-Glu-Gly-Resin).Step 7: Orthogonal protection of second -NH2 group of Lys by benzyloxycarbonic acid treatment of already N’ terminal (ÃŽ ±NH2-) protected Boc-Lys.Step 8: Linking such both NH2-group protected Boc-Lys derivative with Glu-Gly-Resin.Step 9: Addition of Boc-Gly to derivatized Lys-Glu-Gly-Resin.Step 10: Addition of Boc-Ala to Gly-derivatized Lys-Glu-Gly-Resin.Step 11: Universal decoupling and release of N’-Ala-Gly-Lys-Glu-Gly-C.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the essay, gly has a vast pK range and can be covalently linked to the resin at any pH value. Glu has quite acidic isoelectric point (pI) (= 3.1), and for all reactions in aqueous solutions (Boc and DCCD derivatization) it is required to keep pH close to 3.0. Once Glu is linked, Lys has very alkaline pI (= 9.8) and thus the resin should be washed with a buffer of pH 10.0. All blocking reactions (Boc, DCCD and benzyloxyca rbonic acid) need to be carried out in aqueous phase at this pH. Subsequently, for Gly and Ala, pH can be brought back to neutral or slightly acidic (pH 5.0-7.0). Orthogonal protection is a method to protect other than N’ and C’ terminals, the COOH, NH2, and other groups which may affect peptide bond formation or cause stearic hindrance such as –OH, -SH etc. Depending on the groups to be protected (here Lys) chemicals can be chosen. As coupling of amino acids through a peptide bond is enderogenic reaction, they need to be activated by DCCD before coupling. Source Voet, D. & V

Astroturf campaigns in politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Astroturf campaigns in politics - Research Paper Example An Astroturf campaign looks like a real political campaign, but few-placed interest units orchestrate such events for given selfish reasons. In this case, gaining grassroots support is a legitimizing force that ensures a given campaign seems like a real campaign. There are several consequences of such campaigns. To begin with, Astroturf campaigns increase the likelihood of passing the wrong policies. A country operates through policies that define how government entities make decisions. In every sector, there are policies that guide the operations and management of resources. Wrong policies, therefore, may direct a country towards a crisis, especially, for sensitive sectors such as health.In addition, these campaigns may lead to the exploitation of the public. This occurs in case of election of incompetent officials. Selfish political interests may influence the organization of such campaigns. This occurs because such interests may vouch for a politician who forms policies that favor given ends (Perrucci and Wysong 66). In turn, the rest of the population bears the catastrophe of wrong policies. This is usually evident in the case of competition laws that may disfavor small and upcoming firms. Astroturf campaigns destroy the morality of politics, as voters do not attain the chance of voicing their objective opinions. Such campaigns may be so sensational and delusional such that decided voters sway towards fads. It is essential for politics to create an environment whereby each opinion reflects in the ballot.