Chemical Engineering My Passion Since High School

Chemical engineering has been my passion since high school. Having dad who is an engineer clearly backs up my interest in the field of engineering although my dad pursued a different field which is mechanical engineering. I always admired to be an engineer having my dad as role model. I did not know what to pursue till I got to high school when I was able to delineate my strengths. From an exemplary performance I could tell chemical engineering is the path I need to pursue. Chemical engineering has been my passion since high school. Chemical engineering focuses more on experimenting the interaction of chemicals using the knowledge of mathematics and chemistry in order to come up with products that can solve problems in a society. If we†¦show more content†¦Besides performance, I am thrilled by the amazing fundamental facts of science especially the interaction of chemical and material, research and experimentation to yield products that can benefit the society. I am confident in pursuing chemical engineering because I will pursue what I have loved and been competent in since I was young till now. Chemical engineering application has a broad range of fields of specialization ranging around thirty. Some of the fields in chemical engineering that one can specialize in are; engineering and polymer science, industrial biotechnology/pharmaceutical process and pollution control (Herbert Wertheim college of engineering, n.d.). My main interest and what I would love to specialize in is pharmaceutical processes and, manufacturing. Pharmaceutical process and manufacture deals with manufacturing if drugs, conducting research and experiment to develop new drugs and also the actual process of manufacturing by determining the quantities of combination. My goal in specializing in pharmaceutical process and manufacture is to contribute to innovation and improvement of drugs. I would love to use the knowledge I have acquired to take part in inventions and research in drugs. This is inspired by the fact that there are illnesses that have no cure, other illnesses have no cure but vaccination could help individual cope with such ailments. From what I would love to specialize in, my day responsibilities will revolve around research development

Bis/220 Information Technology Acts Free Essays

Information Technology Acts Necessity BIS/220 January 28, 2013 Information Technology Acts Necessity Children are our society’s most valuable and fragile resources. It is our responsibility as parents, adults, and caregivers to provide our children with as many safeguards to protect them from physical and virtual dangers. Children are spending more and more time on the internet and without the proper protection and supervision they can be exposed to indecent or harmful material or predators that seek to harm them. We will write a custom essay sample on Bis/220 Information Technology Acts or any similar topic only for you Order Now What children are encountering on the Internet, particularly in terms of indecent or otherwise unsuitable material or contacts with strangers who intend to do them harm, is an issue of major concern. † (Smith, 2001). The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) of 2000 and the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) of 1998 were put in place as an attempt to protect our children from the harm that could befall them on the internet from harmful materials and predators that target children. Children’s Internet Protection Act, 2000 With children doing so much of their school work and research on the internet it is important to try to maintain a safe, appropriate environment especially when they are using the internet at school or the library. â€Å"The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) is a federal law enacted by Congress to address concerns about access to offensive content over the Internet on school and library computers. CIPA imposes certain types of requirements on any school or library that receives funding for Internet access or internal connections from the E-rate program – a program that makes certain communications technology more affordable for eligible schools and libraries. In early 2001, the FCC issued rules implementing CIPA. † (FCC, n. d. ). CIPA was enacted to protect children while they use the internet at school or libraries where they should feel safe from being exposed to inappropriate material. This act is not one hundred percent effective but it places an additional safeguard that can help in protecting our children from the dangers on the internet while in the safety of their school or library. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), 1998 â€Å"The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) was signed into law in Oct. 21, 1998 and modified effective April 21, 2000. The rule applies to operators of commercial web sites and online services directed to children under 13 that collect personal information from children, and operators of general audience sites with actual knowledge that they are collecting information from children under 13. COPPA prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices in connection with the collection, use, or disclosure of personally identifiable information from and about children on the Internet. The law spells out what a Web site operator must include in a privacy policy, when and how to seek verifiable consent from a parent and what responsibilities an operator has to protect children’s privacy and safety online. † (Information Shield,  2011). This act permits parents to review the information supplied by their children and remove any information the parent deems to be unsafe to disclose or inappropriate. This adds an additional safeguard against predators that could target children under the age of 13. Just like the CIPA, this act is not a one hundred percent guarantee of children’s safety from online predators but it does assist parents in the fight to keep their children safe. Conclusion While the Children’s Internet Protection Act and the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act are in place to protect our children from harmful and indecent material on the internet and from online predators, it is our responsibility as parents, adults, and caregivers to go the extra steps to better ensure the safety of our children. With so many children using social networking sites, like Facebook, it is even more important to find ways to protect them from predators that target children. There are many software options available for free or to purchase that add extra protection through the use of parental controls that can be downloaded to home computers and laptops that children use. But the strongest and most effective tool available to parents, adults, and caregivers is talking openly to children about the dangers that they may face on the internet. Just like we teach them to look both ways before crossing the road and not talk to strangers, it is just as important to teach them how to be safe while using the internet. References Federal Communications Commission. (n. d. ). Children’s Internet Protection Act. Retrieved from http://www. fcc. gov/guides/childrens-internet-protection-act   Information Shield. (2011). Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Retrieved from http://www. informationshield. com/coppaoverview. htm Smith, M. S. (2001). Internet – Protecting Children from Unsuitable Material and Sexual Predators: Overview and Pending Legislation: RS20036. Congressional Research Service: Report, 1. How to cite Bis/220 Information Technology Acts, Essays

Investment Environment Organizational Structure

Question: Discuss about the Investment Environment for Organizational Structure. Answer: Introduction In every large firm, chief executive stands over the hierarchy of managers as well as employees. They owe the position for leading the firm to coordinate their responses to the chances, threats and opportunities within its atmosphere. This paper describes the survey of the year 2012 regarding 265 New Zealand chief executives that represents 27% of the countrys largest firm. The report represents analysis of their critical challenges in the recent atmosphere that describes the implications for management skills of New Zealand as well as considers that how the practitioners of human resources can be able to guide those skill development and improvement (New Zealand Customs Service, 2004). The purpose of this paper, for reporting the surveys of chief executive perceptions and views in New Zealand, and also critically analyse that what chief executives recently stated to be their greatest challenges, Which are the important issues in their existing surroundings, along with the implicatio ns for New Zealands management skills. New Zealand Firms and its management potentiality New Zealand is termed as a small economy nation where around 4.5 million individuals inaccessible from native markets. Rather than the business of dairy industries, it has various other organizations that operate globally. In the year 2011, New Zealand had none of the firms in the Fortune Global 500, whereas its native country, Australia had eight and Singapore had two Firms in the Fortune Global 500. In this context, lacks of development to the big jobs as well as the absence of hugely expertise activities are available in the global economies and create recruiting management talent a fundamental issue (Hjelt, 2003). The firms in New Zealand conduct various advantages as they are less bureaucratic and tend to give people with major job autonomy as well as argue that New Zealanders have a desirable standard of lifestyle. Authorizing type of management style appears to be ordinary in informal firms of New Zealand. According to this article, on 31 August 2012, around 53900 individuals transfer from New Zealand to Australia whereas, of around 13900 people migrated in the other way. But now, of about 650000 New Zealanders staying in Australia and they have a maximum stage of achievements in the labour market (Information technology use in New Zealand 2001, 2002). The potentiality of management in New Zealand can be able to increased that occurs the questioning that what potentialities are required in the recent atmosphere and conditions. According to the author of this article, an approaching technological uprising as well as enhanced at the same time developed globalisation would lead to huge turbulent atmosphere which creates disorder and uncertainty. The author has argued regarding the mangers requirement to implement trendy paradigms for facilitating planned flexibility in their firms. Specifically they argued about the critical management skill that would be indirect perception which they termed as the potentiality to viewing differently as well as probably opposing information. This highlighting on the capability for managing environmental turbulence has been strengthened through the activities of the first decade of the 21st century that contains political ambiguity along with the tremendous economic challenges by the huge recession (Improving the investment environment for New Zealand's firms, 2007). This article seems to be lacking in collecting detailed survey of the countrys chief executive people on how they conduct their frameworks. Technique A survey was delivered in the month of June 2012 to the chief executives of 1000 hugest firms in New Zealand from all over the private and public sectors. These firms were observed by utilising the directory along with the major amount of full time equal staffs whereas few firms had less than that. Around 19 surveys were refunded to contributor and leaving of about 981 people that reach their destiny. On the basis of these, around 265 chief executives that includes, 135 private sectors, 62 public sectors and 68 not for profit fulfilled the survey by providing a response rate of 27%. This response rate associates with the senior executive, which studies in high levelling journals that face difficulty to state responses rates above 30% (Stamoulis, 2009). The illustration was verified to assure, containing a huge range of companies as well as organizational structures, where various groups were understated and concluding in a proper illustrative illustration that contains firms from every huge category in the New Zealand Standard Industrial Output Categories division. Private Sector Private sector marketing risks were stated as the hugest factor around with 32% of respondents rating those risks as between their top 3 to 5 challenges. Finally, 23% of respondents rated changes in the economic climate which is being their severe issues 21% rated performing industry around cultural barriers which is one of the biggest challenge, which is listed attraction of about 20% as a key problem. Chief executive stated that how difficulty is confronted for growing the industry in the recent atmosphere along with revenues that were so tremendously affected (Haig, 2003). Various chief executives stated the criticising effects of the economy from one to other industry as well as various industries carried away the view that they were waiting fundamental growth initiatives till the economy proves. Chief executive assured that world employee mobility is posturing a critical skills scarcity, at the same time; they also observed the intensifying encouragement of approaching baby-boomer retirements along with single respondent identifying a regular baby boomer retirement through the labour force (Jacob, 2007). Public Sector According to this author of this article, public sector represents sensibly same design to each other and their outcomes are accessible together (Stehr and Storch, 2010). Modification in the economic climate were concerned regarding the severe prominent risk specifically for the not- for- profit sector where around 50% of the chief executives rated those modification as specifically critical. Around 24% of the not- for- profit sector and 18% of the public sector rated business social responsibility as a biggest challenge, whereas 23% of the not-for-profit sector and 14% of the public sector rated staff attraction as a critical issue At last, both public sector and not-for-profit sectors listed access to finance as termed as a biggest challenge as well as alliance contained intensely for the public sector of about 23% whereas outsourced services were challenging for the not- for- profits of about 21%. It is resulted that various chief executive are adjusting within the challenging economic environment and at the same time are complex to the instability of shareholders guide in this atmosphere. Chief executives illustrated pursuing financial support for new industrial ideas but the eagerness for risk is low (Mayston, 2008). The entire design in the public and not-for-profit firms is much deeply focused. Discussion According to the above outcomes, the requirement for managing uncertainty emerges by the strong emphasis of private sector chief executives. All these imply a requirement for interpreting uncertain changes and renew business model. It has been also observed in the direction of public sector along with non-profit sectors, chief executives should think efficiently as well as creatively regarding the models of service provision. The managers required to be quite versatile and flexible along with the potentiality for thinking laterally, and at the same time uncertain issue which changes the regulation of the game. According to this article, the author represents that the requirement for managing uncertainty is the key management skill which supports their argument which indirect the thinking that is critical (Drucker and Maciariello, 2008). Apart from this article, many authors observe the similar context those are analysed a particular illustration of competitively accomplished firms. The private sector chief executives in this illustration allocated emphasis on the desire for winning the guidance of financiers, whereas the public and not-for-profit management were associated in a struggle over the running out of the traditional funding sources. Entire management where included in a complex association of alliances along with outsourcing arrangement in both locally and natively pursuing in order to provide cost effective services and commodities (VANSPAUWEN, SEMAN and DWYER, 2010). The productivity in New Zealand develops the payment gap that will still an constant difficulty as well as chosen responses to key person, it is quite difficult for the management of New Zealand for creating a concerted response. Conclusion From the above report, it has been concluded that, the chief executives of New Zealand confronted a challenging economic environment along with modified markets as well as technologies in which the guidance of shareholders contains key funders is much secured. The author of this report concluded that environment poses huge challenges for the development of management (Flynn, 2007). The problem that chief executive confronts are managed in an excellent way by the mangers who have been prepared for dealing with systematic issues. Various specialists are required in the pattern of system and allow managers to improve their own groups in a more risky business atmosphere. It is resulted that various chief executive are adjusting within the challenging economic environment and at the same time are complex to the instability of shareholders guide in this atmosphere. References Drucker, P. and Maciariello, J. (2008).Management. New York, NY: Collins. Flynn, N. (2007).Public sector management. London: SAGE. Haig, B. (2003).Private sector. New York: Warner Books. Hjelt, P. (2003).Fortune global 500. Estados Unidos: Time Life. Improving the investment environment for New Zealand's firms. (2007). [Wellington, N.Z.]: Ministry of Economic Development. Information technology use in New Zealand 2001. (2002). Wellington, N.Z.: Statistics New Zealand. Jacob, A. (2007). A challenging environment.Reinforced Plastics, 51(6), p.1. Mayston, D. (2008). Non-Profit Performance Indicators In The Public Sector.Financial Accountability Management, 1(1), pp.51-74. New Zealand Customs Service. (2004). [Dunedin, N.Z.]: New Zealand Customs Service. Stamoulis, D. (2009).Senior executive assessment. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Stehr, N. and Storch, H. (2010).Climate and society. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific. Vanspauwen, R., Seman, E. and Dwyer, P. (2010). Survey of current management of prolapse in Australia and New Zealand.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 50(3), pp.262-267.

The Chosen By Chaim Potok Essays - American Literature, Literature

The Chosen by Chaim Potok One of the most emotional scenes from Chaim Potoks The Chosen is when Reuven goes with Danny Saunders to talk to his father. Danny has a great mind and wants to use it to study psychology, not become a Hasidic tzaddik. The two go into Reb Saunders study to explain to him what is going to happen, and before Danny can bring it up, his father does. Reb Saunders explains to the two friends that he already known that Reuven is going to go for his smicha and Danny, who is in line to become the next tzaddik of his people, will not. This relates to the motif of Individuality and the theme of Dannys choice of going with the family dynasty or to what his heart leads him. The most developing character from the novel is Reuven Malter. One of the ways that he developes in the novel is in hus understanding of friendship. His friendship with Dfanny Saunders is encouraged by his father, but he is wary of it at first because Danny is a Hasid, and regards regular Orthodox Jews as apikorsim because of the teachings of his father. Reuven goes from not being able to have a civil conversation with Danny to becoming his best friend with whom he spens all of his free time, studies Talmud and goes to college. Reuven truly grows because he leans, as his father says, what it is to be a friend. Another way that Reuven grows is that he learns to appreciate different people and their ideas. He starts out hating Hasidim because its the pious thing to do, even though his father (who I see as the Atticus Finch of this novel) keeps telling him that its okay to disagree with ideas, but hating a person because of them is intolerable. Through his friendship with Danny, studies with Reb Saunders, brief crush on Dannys sister (who was never given a name), and time spent in the Hasidic community, he learns that Hasids are people too with their own ideas and beliefs that are as valuable as his. He learns why they think, act, speak, and dress the way that they do and comes to grips with the fact that he doesnt have a monopoly on virtue. A third way in which Reuven grows, though the book doesnt really talk about it a great deal, is in his appreciation of life, or chaim in Hebrew. He almost loses his vision, his father nearly works himself to death, six million Jews are butchered in Europe, and Dannys brothers poor health threatens Dannys choice to not become a tzaddik. When his eye is out of order he cant read, and indeed does remark that its very difficult to live without reading, especially with a voracious appetite for learning such as his. His father almost dies twice and he talks about how difficult it is to live all alone in silence (which is a metaphor alluding to Dannys everyday life) for the month while his father is in the hospital. He sees Reb Saunders and his father feeling the suffering of the six million dead, Saunders by crying and being silent, David Malter by working for the creation of a Jewish state and being a leader in the movement, in addition to teaching at a yeshiva and adult education classes. And of course Danny is very worried by his brothers illness (hemophillia?) because if he dies it will be even harded for Danny to turn down his tzaddikship. By the end of the book, Reuven Malter is a very changed character. Potok is an expert with using allusion and metaphor. Very subtly throughout the book he uses this for the purposes of renforcing his points, foreshadowing, and to make the book a better read when youve read it previously and know the outcome. One example of this, one that I missed the first time I read the book in 7th grade is the paragraph at the end of chapter nine where Reuven is sitting on his porch and sees a fly trapped in a spiders web with the arachnid builder approaching. He blows on the fly, first softly, and then more

Common Information Security Threats Essay Essay Example

Common Information Security Threats Essay Essay Example Common Information Security Threats Essay Essay Common Information Security Threats Essay Essay The cyberspace is about 40 old ages old and is go oning to turn at a rapid gait. This rapid growing and usage of the cyberspace for practically everything you can make in life has besides cause a major addition in menaces. Cyber-criminals are frequently interrupting into security on many major web sites and doing the intelligence. Information Security is turning into an of import portion in protect a business’s information. Amazon. com website went online in 1995 ( Byers. 2006 ) . Amazon offers there services and merchandises through the website Amazon. com to many states around the universe. which includes: United States. Canada. France. Spain. Japan. Italy. Germany. United Kingdom. and China ( Amazon. 2012 ) . Amazon has been around for about 17 old ages and uninterrupted to be a successful concern. One of the ground for this is because Amazon puting clip in Information Security. Amazon has a monolithic sum of information on waiters around the Earth contain sensitive informa tion. non merely information for Amazon but besides for Amazon’s clients. Some illustrations of the information Amazon maintains on the waiters they own: merchandise information. warehouse information. name centre information. client service information. service information. client history information. bank information. cloud calculating information. digital media download information. and reappraisals of clients for merchandise information ( Amazon. 2012 ) . There will ever be some sort of the possible hazards to the information maintained by any concern or individual because new exposures are found every twenty-four hours. Just late. on August 7. 2012. a wired magazine reporter’s information stored on his Google history. Twitter history. MacBook. iPad. and iPhone where erased without the user desiring this done. A hacker that goes by the name of Phobia comprised the newsmans Amazon history with a security feat. The security feat allowed Phobia to entree the reporter’s Amazon history by naming and resetting the watchwords over the phone with the newsmans compromised AppleCare ID and Amazon ID ( Kerr. 2012 ) . Amazon responded with the following. â€Å"We have investigated the reported feat. and can corroborate the feat has been closed as of yesterday afternoon ( Kerr. 2012 ) . † Another major breach in security for Amazon occurred on the Zappos. com. which Amazon besides owns. 24 million histories where compromised. which included the following history information: names. transportation references. charge references. phone Numberss. and email references ( Vilches. 2012 ) . Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh wrote in an electronic mail that the hackers gained entree to the internal web of Zappos leting the hacker’s entree to the waiter that was in Kentucky. On October 28. 2011 a research worker uncovered a monolithic security defect in the Amazon Cloud service that is provided by Amazon ( Hickey. 2011 ) . A squad of German research workers found a manner that hackers would be able to entree user histories and informations. The methods of onslaught the security research workers found that the Amazon Cloud service was vulnerable to where signature wrapper and cross site scripting. XML signature wrapping onslaughts were developed that could wholly take over a user history with decision maker permissions for the Amazon Cloud histories. The AWS interface could besides be manipulated to run an feasible codification and make cross-site scripting onslaughts. The research workers said that they had entree to all the client informations. including hallmark informations. items. and watchwords ( Hickey. 2011 ) . There are many other exposures for Amazon that may be but are non known. Intruders ( hackers ) are a major menace for Amazon as proven from the antecedently listed illustrations. When the onslaught is done by a little group or merely one individual the menace will fall into the unstructured class ( Conklin. White. Williams. Davis. A ; Cothren. 2012 ) . Menaces caused by onslaughts by hackers that are in a condemnable group are known to fall into the structured class ( Conklin. White. Williams. Davis. A ; Cothren. 2012 ) . Physical security is of import to retrieve because if a hacker can acquire into the internal web and substructure. it can be much easier to derive unauthorised entree to the web. Information Security hazard analysis is used to entree the exposures. menaces. and how to put controls for an organisation ( Whitman. 2011 ) . List of what can be vulnerable: Web Waiters. Computer Servers. Routers. Client. Databases. Firewalls. Software. Power. and Transmission. List of menaces: Denial of Service Attacks. Spoofing and Masquerading. Malicious Code/Virus. Human Errors. Insider Attacks. Intrusion. Spamming. and Physical Damage to Hardware. List of costs: Trade Secrets. Client Secrets. Trust. Lost Gross saless. Clean up Costss. Information. Hardware. Software. Services. and Communication. List of controls to be used: Firewalls. IDS. Single Sign-on. DMZ. Security policy. Employee Training. Configuration of Architecture. and Hardening of Environment. All of these lists can be put into a chart to assist organize a hazard analysis and apparatus controls to be used for Amazon ( Conklin. White. Williams. Davis. A ; Cothren. 2012 ) . The legal. ethical. and regulative demands for protecting informations demand to be thought about when it comes to Information Security. Statutory Torahs. administrative Torahs. and common Torahs presently exist and are involved in computing machine security. New cyber Torahs are being defined by the tribunals. but none of these Torahs have been used yet ( Conklin. White. Williams. Davis. A ; Cothren. 2012 ) . In 1986. the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act ( CFAA ) was established to do it a offense to entree computing machine systems when non authorized. Amazon has been around for 17 old ages and has a good path record for catching security hazards and piecing them rapidly. With the cyberspace go oning to turn at such a rapid gait. Amazon and everyone desiring to keep their informations unity needs to tight down on their Information Security protocols. Information Security is turning into an of import portion in protect a business’s information. MentionsAmazon. ( 2012 ) . Amazon. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. virago. com Byers. A. ( 2006 ) . Jeff Bezos: the laminitis of Amazon. com. New York. New york: The Rosen Publishing Group. Conklin. A. . White. G. . Williams. D. . Davis. R. . A ; Cothren. C. ( 2012 ) . Principles of Computer Security: CompTIA Security+ and Beyond ( Exam SY0-301 ) ( 3rd ed. ) . New York. New york: McGraw-Hill Company. Hickey. A. R. ( 2011. October 28 ) . Researchers Uncover ‘Massive Security Flaws’ In Amazon Cloud. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. crn. com/news/cloud/23190911/researchers-unconver-massive-security-flaws-in-amazon-cloud. htm Kerr. D. ( 2012. August 7 ) . Amazon addresses security feat after journalist drudge. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //news. cnet. com/8301-1009_3-57488759-83/amazon-addresses-security-exploit-after-journalist-hack/ Vilches. J. ( 2012. January 16 ) . Amazon owned Zappos hacked. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. techspot. com/news/47060-amazon-owned-zappos-hacked-24-million-accounts-compromised. html Whitman. M. E. ( 2011 ) . Readings and Cases in Information Security: Law and Ethical motives. New York. New york: Cengage Learning.

Little Picture Questions in SAT Reading 5 Key Tips

Little Picture Questions in SAT Reading 5 Key Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Little picture, or detail, questions make up a significant amount of questions on the SAT Critical Reading sections. Of 4 post-2005 publicly available tests I surveyed, little picture questions accounted for 25% of all passage-based questions and 17% of all SAT Reading questions. This means that it is well worth your time in your SAT Reading prep to make sure you can consistently answer little picture questions accurately and in a reasonable amount of time (what that range is for accuracy and reasonableness will depend on the score you are aiming for). In this article, I’ll provide examples of the different ways the SAT will ask you to use little picture skills, explain the SAT Reading strategies you can use to help with these questions, and end with a walkthrough of a sample questions. First, however, I’ll explain what exactly I mean by â€Å"little picture† questions. Note:The advice in this article is still relevant for the new SAT (March 2016 and beyond), but some of the examples haven't been updated yet. feature image credit: Miniature Fimo Nikon D80 by 55Laney69, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. What Are Little Picture Questions? Little picture questions are questions that ask you to find specific details from a passage. Moreover, you will not just be asked about details at random; SAT Reading questions asks you specifically about details that are vital to understanding the passage (even though you don’t necessarily have to read the whole passage to find these details). For example, you might be asked, based on information from the passage, what the milky blue that appears around the edges of older dogs’ eyes signifies (cataracts); you would NOT, however, be asked the color of the film (unless that had greater significance in the passage as a whole). I’ve divided up little picture questions into two types: Type 1: Find The (Paraphrased) Detail Type 2: Given Line Information, Find What A Word/Phrase Refers To Type 1: Find the (Paraphrased) Detail These questions, which ask you to find a particular detail in the passage (sometimes paraphrased in the answer choice, sometimes stated directly using the same words as the passage), make up the majority of little picture questions. There are two ways in which the SAT Reading will ask you to fact find: 1. Find the Information in a Specific Place By far, questions that give you a location and ask you to find the detail to answer the question are the most common type of little picture question (more than half). Sometimes, you'll have to paraphrase the detail (meaning the passage uses slightly different wording than the correct answer choice). This is most often the case with questions that ask things like the following question: â€Å"Which of the following views of conflict is best supported by lines 37-40 (â€Å"These . . . one†) ?† To answer this question, you must first go to the lines cited in the question... "These places have interesting frictions and incongruities, and often, if you stand at the point of tangency, you can see both sides better than if you were in the middle of either one." ...and paraphrase the information contained in those lines. Only after that should you look at the answer choices to see what matches. In this case, the correct answer is (E) You can learn more about two parties in conflict as an observer than as an involved participant. Depending on how complex the passage is, detail questions with specific line information can require some vocab knowledge. Here's an example of a question where that might be the case: â€Å"The author initially responded to Herd’s request â€Å"with condescension† (lines 13-14) because the author† Lines 13-14: "I still blush at the fact that I went to graduate school to become a historian in order to contribute to the Black Struggle for social justice and yet met her request to write a history of Black women in Indiana with condescension." Now, if you don’t know what â€Å"condescension† means, the question might be tricky. If there is a word you don't know in the question or passage, context clues can often help. In the case of the question above, going on to read the next sentence will help you answer the question without needing to know what â€Å"condescension† means: "I had never even thought about Black women as historical subjects with their own relations to a state’s history, and I thought her invitation and phone call extraordinarily intrusive." Since this sentence is an explanation of the previous sentence, you don't even need to know what "condescension" means to figure out why the author responded to Herd's request "with condescension;" instead, you can just paraphrase the explanatory sentence above to get the answer to the question: (E) viewed Herd’ s request as irrelevant and presumptuous. Of course, if you also don't know the word "presumptuous" (or other words in the answer choices), process of elimination may be your best bet (more on that in Strategies). I've gathered what I think are good examples of detail/little picture questions with location information below, so you can get an idea of how these questions are worded: â€Å"Passage 1 suggests that the Fermi Paradox depends most directly on which assumption?† â€Å"The fourth paragraph (lines 50-56) indicates that Plato’s principal objection to â€Å"poetry† (line 50) was its† â€Å"The comment about â€Å"a new medium of artistic expression† (line 62) primarily suggests that† â€Å"The â€Å"porcupine women of this world† (lines 76-77) are best described as people who† â€Å"Ultimately, Cecil views his remark in line 34 (â€Å"It . . . now†) as† â€Å"The primary reason described for the usefulness of the theory mentioned in line 57 is its ability to† â€Å"In the quotation in lines 61-64, George Will primarily draws attention to† â€Å"Lines 30-34 (â€Å"In spite . . . persevered†) suggest that the author believed that† â€Å"In lines 40-43 (â€Å"Moonless . . . Sun†), the narrator’s comment about the â€Å"arrangement† demonstrates a preference for" 2. Find the Information in a Non-Specific Place The information needed to answer these questions is somewhere in the passage, maybe even narrowed down to a few paragraphs/generalization like â€Å"end of the passage,† but you aren't given specific lines. Because exact location information is not given, the wording of the questions is often even simpler than it is for questions for which you do have specific location information. Sometimes, the words in the question are taken directly from the text. At other times, just as for Type 1, a little paraphrasing is required. Some examples: â€Å"Which statement about the Fermi Paradox is supported by both passages?† â€Å"At the end of the passage, the author suggests that it would be ideal if the† â€Å"According to the author, too much energy today is spent debating† â€Å"In the first two paragraphs of the passage (lines 1-23), the author suggests that both sides of the debate† â€Å"Both passages support which of the following conclusions about Earth’s carrying capacity for humans?† â€Å"Darwin (lines 1-13, Passage 1) and Meek (lines 45-51, Passage 2) serve as examples of† â€Å"Both the author of Passage 1 and the â€Å"experts† mentioned in line 53 of Passage 2 directly support the idea that† Rare Question Types While the majority of little picture questions that ask you to find the (paraphrased) detail are phrased as shown above, there are a couple of rarer question types that I think are worth mentioning. The first of these are the "NOT/EXCEPT" questions. They are relatively rare (I found four examples out of 480 passage-based questions) and generally look something like this: â€Å"The author makes use of all of the following EXCEPT† These questions can be tricky because there will always, ALWAYS be at least one answer choice that banks on you forgetting the "EXCEPT" and, instead, saying to yourself "Aha! The author makes use of this, so it's the right answer." Not that I have ever done this myself. No. Of course not. Even rarer than "NOT/EXCEPT" questions on SAT Reading are what I call the "I, II, III" questions. Here's an example of what I mean: Which of the following can be found in both passages? I. A theory about how people originally traveled to Boston II. An exact date Boston was initially settled III. Reference to possible sources of food for early Bostonians. (A) I only (B) II only (C) I and III only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III Fortunately, this is one case where the question looks more obnoxious than it is. Why? Because you can use process of elimination to your advantage. Let's say you are able to immediately cross out statement II - the passage contains no information about an exact date when Boston was initially settled. That means that you can eliminate answer choices (B), (D), and (E) right away, and can focus your efforts on statement III (if it's true, then (C) must be the correct answer; if it's false, than (A) must be the correct answer). Clock Face by David~O, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Type 2: Given Line Information, Find What a Word/Phrase Refers to These are detail questions where you are given a word or phrase (in a specific line) and asked what it's referring to. In some ways, these questions require you to use skills similar to those you'd need for vocab in context questions, but unlike with vocab in context questions, the correct answer will be very specific to the passage. For example, if a little picture question asks about what the word â€Å"death† refers to, the answer choices won’t be â€Å"the absence of life, the cessation of movement, the end of a fad,† and so on (which would be possible answers if the question was something like "In line 42, the word "death" most nearly means"). Instead, answer choices to detail questions will be highly specific, like â€Å"the neglect of older cultural monuments.† These questions require taking another step because you don’t just have to go to the lines in question to find the detail – you have to figure out what that detail is referring to (which is not necessarily included in the cited lines). I've seen these words (where you have to find what they refer to) called "compression nouns" by Meltzer. Personally, I think of questions that ask you to find what a particular word or phrase refers to as very similar to Prounoun/Antecedent questions on the Writing section; like pronouns, these words refer back to other words/things. Here are some examples of questions that give you a phrase or word and ask you to find the detail it refers to: â€Å"Based on information presented in the passage, which best describes what Georgia was â€Å"tired of † (line 8) ?† â€Å"In lines 63-64, â€Å"psychological reality† describes which quality?† â€Å"As described in lines 17-23, the â€Å"practice† refers to the† â€Å"The phrase â€Å"horrible immensities† (line 54) primarily indicates† SAT Reading Strategies for Mastering Little Picture Questions I've list the following strategies for answering little picture questions in no particular order, since the order you choose will depend on the way you read the passage. (1) To answer little picture questions, start by figuring out what the key information the SAT is looking for in the question. Take the following question: â€Å"Which challenge is emphasized by the author in the final paragraph (lines 73-77)?† Now, here's the key information I extracted from that question: â€Å"final paragraph† (location information) â€Å"challenge† (you’re looking for something that was difficult) maybe â€Å"author† (if there are other people who could be emphasizing challenges in that context, then specifying that you're looking for a challenge emphasized by the author is important; otherwise, the author thing is pretty much something you can take for granted) (2) Figure out where in the passage the detail being asked about is (if you aren’t given the exact lines outright) and read the relevant section slowly. How do you find the detail if you aren't given the exact lines outright? While sometimes the questions use the same language as the passage, and all you have to do is scan the passage for the words used in the question to get your answer, this is not always true. In these cases, your best bet is to turn to the answer choices and see if you can find those in the text instead (and then if you don't find an answer choice in the text, you can eliminate it!). Because searching for these details can take up way too much time, I would recommend starting with questions that include location information and then moving on to those that lack location information. (3) You can try to quickly answer the question in your own words as well, even though the answer choices are sometimes taken word-for-word from the text. Putting the answers in your own words helps prevent you from falling into â€Å"I recognized the phrasing so I’ll just choose it† trap (when in fact the SAT has sneakily reversed the meaning on you). (4) As always, process of elimination is hugely helpful with these questions – if the text directly contradicts an answer choice, you can cross it out with no worries. (5) I almost always do little picture questions first on each passage. For me, hunting for the details gets me acquainted with the passage without having to read the whole thing. Plus, detail questions are easy points because they often involve nothing more than finding what is stated in the text. The order you answer questions in, however, will depend on your reading strategy and what works best for you. If you tend to read the passage thoroughly first, I would recommend answering big picture questions before moving on to little picture questions. That way, you can answer questions about the whole passage before getting lost in the details. If you read the questions first, absolutely start with level one little picture questions (get them out of the way). Answering these questions can give you a better idea of the way the essay is laid out. The only reason not to start with little picture questions would be if you are concerned it might disorient you and make it harder for you to answer other types of questions. If you skim, then answer questions, it could go either way. Skimming can help you form a mental map of where certain details are more likely to show up, which means answering detail questions first would be good...but answering detail questions first also might get you bogged down in detail too quickly and make it harder to answer big picture questions. Ultimately, you need to do some trial and error on your own to figure out which is most effective for you by using each method on multiple practice Reading questions (including SAT Reading sections as well as full length practice SATs). The strategy you get the most points with is the one to go with. Walkthrough To wrap up this article, I'm going to go through an example and apply strategies in my own order (you might find that using the strategies I mention above in a different order works best for you). The question: â€Å"According to lines 41-46 (â€Å"When I . . . crossfire†), the author’s initial goal was to† (A) consider the perspectives of both the American doctors and the Lees family to see what insights might develop (B) serve as a counselor to the county hospital’s Hmong patients in order to ease their anxieties (C) work out a compromise between the American doctors and the Lees family (D) acquire a greater knowledge of how the American medical culture serves patients (E) try to reduce the misunderstandings between the American doctors and the Lees family and promote good will The relevant lines: "When I first came to Merced, I hoped that the culture of American medicine, about which I knew a little, and the culture of the Hmong, about which I knew nothing, would somehow illuminate each other if I could position myself between the two and manage not to get caught in the cross-fire." Step 1: What key info is being looked for in the question? Hmm...what was the author's â€Å"initial goal†? Initial = first, goal =†¦goal. So what was the first thing the author wanted to do? Step 2: Find the passage and read the lines carefully Well, I already found the passage (because the lines are given), but now it's time to read carefully (maybe looking for a word like â€Å"first† or â€Å"initial†). "When I first came to Merced, I hoped that the culture of American medicine, about which I knew a little, and the culture of the Hmong, about which I knew nothing, would somehow illuminate each other if I could position myself between the two and manage not to get caught in the cross-fire." Step 3: Answer in my own words So the passage says that at first the author wanted to stand between the two cultures (American medicine and Hmong). Probably not literally. â€Å"hoped† that they â€Å"would somehow illuminate each other† = hoped that could learn from them? Probably? Bah. Let’s look at the answer choices. (A) consider the perspectives of both the American doctors and the Lees family to see what insights might develop This seems like it could be right –the author definitely wants to consider two different perspectives. Not sure about the rest of the answer choice – might need more context than just the lines cited in the question. (B) serve as a counselor to the county hospital’s Hmong patients in order to ease their anxieties Uh, no, there’s nothing about being a counselor. Can double check context though. (C) work out a compromise between the American doctors and the Lees family Seems like it could be possible, I guess. Except that the first thing the author hopes is that the cultures illuminate each other, not that the author can make a compromise. So maybe a compromise came later, but the illuminating came first. (D) acquire a greater knowledge of how the American medical culture serves patients I mean, sort of? The relevant lines do say something about American medical culture. But nothing about how it serves patients. (E) try to reduce the misunderstandings between the American doctors and the Lees family and promote good will Nothing in the lines cited about promoting goodwill. Looks like I might need a little more context to answer the question. What about the line before the cited lines? â€Å"This is especially true when the apposition is culture† What is â€Å"this†? Or â€Å"apposition?† Hmm let’s see what the line after the cross-fire line is, maybe that’ll be less work. I can always go back to the line before â€Å"This†¦culture† if I need to. â€Å"But after getting to know the Lees family and their daughter’s doctors and realizing how hard it was to blame anyone, I stopped analyzing the situation in such linear terms.† Aha! â€Å"stopped analyzing† meaning that analyzing is what the author WAS doing. Let’s take a look at the answers again. (A) consider the perspectives of both the American doctors and the Lees family to see what insights might develop Yes, author was doing analysis! I’ll double check the others to make sure I can eliminate them. (B) serve as a counselor to the county hospital’s Hmong patients in order to ease their anxieties Nope, even less supported now. ELIMINATE. (C) work out a compromise between the American doctors and the Lees family Nope, compromise ≠  analysis. ELIMINATE. (D) acquire a greater knowledge of how the American medical culture serves patients I mean, that’s part of the goal, but not the whole thing . Also why the â€Å"serves patients†? Not part of the point. The author just didn’t know about the American medical cultural in general. ELIMINATE. (E) try to reduce the misunderstandings between the American doctors and the Lees family and promote good will Nope, no reducing or promoting here! ELIMINATE! To triple check, what was that thing that â€Å"This is especially true when the apposition is cultural† was referring to? Looks like it was referring to part of the previous sentence: "...if you stand at the point of tangency, you can see both sides better than if you were in the middle of either one." Even more confirmation: you can see both sides better does not equal being a counselor, or creating a compromise, learning about how to serve patients, or promoting goodwill. Answer must be (A). Actually answering these questions on the SAT will probably not take nearly this long, because you won’t have to (nor should you) write out complete explanations for every reason to reject the answer like I just did. If you find you’re taking longer than 30-45 seconds on a question, circle it and come back to it later. SAT Reading Practice Questions Intro material and relevant paragraphs for questions 1-3: The following passage is from a 1991 essay that discusses the debate over which authors should be taught in English classes. 1. Lines 30-39 (â€Å"In school . . . cultures†) present a model of education where students learn to (A) value cultural diversity over tradition (B) respect the views of both sides of the debate (C) reflect critically on the nature of American schooling (D) differentiate between classic and contemporary works (E) explore the world through wide-ranging reading 2. In lines 54-60 (â€Å"School . . . say†), the author describes a world in which schools teach books that are (A) interesting (B) celebrated (C) uncontroversial (D) not obviously relevant (E) not likely to inspire 3. Lines 60-64 (â€Å"Being . . . teenagers†) suggest that excluding a book from a reading list might (A) enhance the reputation of the book’s author (B) encourage students to protest the decision (C) influence course curricula nationwide (D) appease conservative parents (E) disappoint the book’s fans Intro material and relevant paragraphs for questions 4-6: The following passage is adapted from a book published in 1999. 4. The â€Å"dark cloud† mentioned in line 4 refers to an (A) atypical diagnosis (B) unsupported hypothesis (C) unknown threat (D) evil influence (E) important contradiction 5. Which pairing best represents the different models of the universe presented in lines 7-14? (A) Big and little (B) Old and new (C) Complex and simple (D) Verified and undocumented (E) Theoretical and practical 6. The author uses the â€Å"automobile† (lines 45-46) to represent equations that (A) demand a professional’s attention (B) are intrinsically unreliable (C) do not work together effectively (D) can be easily adjusted if necessary (E) are based on dated mathematics Answer key (scroll down when ready): 1. E 2. D 3. A 4.E 5. A 6. C Summary of SAT Reading Strategies for Little Picture Questions Find the key information in the question and/or put the question in your own words. Read the indicated part of the passage carefully, looking for context if necessary (especially if you’re being asked what a word or phrase refers to). Answer in your own words and find the answer that matches that answer. Eliminate three wrong answers. What’s Next? â€Å"Where can I find more official practice questions?† I hear you cry. Never fear – we have a complete guide to finding official SAT practice tests, including free links! Interested in more SAT Reading skills articles like this one? We’ve got articles on big picture, words in context, inference, and paired passage questions, or you can just go toour ultimate SAT Reading study guide to find a list of all of our Reading skills articles. Not sure how you’re supposed to finish the SAT Critical Reading section without running out of time? Learn about three different ways to read the passage on the SAT. Need structured help? Try our very own PrepScholar test prep platform. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

The European Economic Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The European Economic Community - Essay Example This resulted in the benefits of four freedoms namely, capital, labor, products and services to the European community. In subsequent years, the movement gathered momentum, and as the policies of liberalization and globalization started having bigger impacts on the world polity, the EEC saw more relevance for it. Stated objective of formation of EEC is of course protecting the economic interests, but the region has also learnt quite a few lessons from the history as well. Germany used to be a loose confederation of independent states till 1870. On January 18, 1871, these states united under a Prussian king who had the title â€Å"Kaiser, of the German Empire†. Bismarck was the first Chancellor or Prime Minister of the unified Germany. This resulted in gradual expansion of Germany and alternation of distribution of power within Europe and a new world order (Henig, 2002). This shift is balance of power made the group of nations like Britain, Russia and France together. Gradually the imperialistic urge started crossing the borders and entered into the African region. All such events led to the two world wars and massive devastation on all sides. Therefore, formation of a common platform is also the efforts towards averting the recurrence of such wars. The stated objectives for the EEC in clude2; The common commercial policies are an important step towards safeguarding the interests of the region particularly while dealing with the outside world. After the treaty of Rome, a need was being felt to serve the interests of the customs union with a Common Customs Tariff (CCT) to deal with the third parties. Established by Article 113 [133] of the Treaty of Rome, Common Commercial Policies therefore took shape in 1961 to safeguard the common interests of the EU nations3. This effectively meant that the EU region will act as one country while

Why did men like Joseph Plumb Martin join the army Essay

Why did men like Joseph Plumb Martin join the army - Essay Example Most of the recruits were young and army provided them with an opportunity to escape home and experience adventure of fighting against their enemy. But unfortunately, the reality was far from the rosy picture as envisaged by the new recruits. The common soldiers were faced with huge hardships where food had become scarce and proper clothing a distant dream. The long drawn battle of American army had severely affected the welfare of the soldiers. The new recruits were just sent to the front to fight with enemies without training. They were also not only deprived of adequate food and shelter during tough weather conditions but were also not paid their wages on time. Martin asserts that ‘I well know, for I have fought by their side’ (183). The delivery of supplies for food and other goods use to become difficult due to weather conditions which resulted in starvation and death. Most of the recruits went to fight without training because they felt that it was their moral duty to fight for their country. Hence, need for training was not important for the common soldier. The young recruits later became accustomed to the grim conditions of the war but were unable to do anything except accept the situation.

Interreligious Dialogue Essay Example for Free

Interreligious Dialogue Essay Dialogue with respect to theological pluralism Statistics show that most of the world’s population is affiliated with some type of religion, with Christianity and Islam encompassing slightly over 50% of the population. Though interreligious dialogue is beneficial in gaining a better understanding of another’s religion, is it possible to hold one’s religion as being the absolute truth while engaging in an open interreligious dialogue with another religion? Many spiritual people will tend to be theological exclusivists, because a lot of the religions are divided and differ in many ways from one another, but they must accept the values and beliefs of other people if they are to remain truly faithful to the conviction of their traditions. Interreligious dialogue in a broad sense is being in communication with someone of a different religion to increase the understanding of one’s own religion or tradition as well as others. Since half of the world’s population is either Christian or Muslim, we will take a look into the differences these religions shares. One of the main issues is developed in Klostermaiers book, In the Paradise of Krishna. It exemplifies some of the differences religions tend to hold, such as the discussion between Muslims and Christians on where the role of Jesus stands in Senestant 2 connection to God. Muslims agree that Jesus was an important figure and served a purpose as a great teacher of righteousness, but fail to see his true connection with God the Father. They claim that he is only a prophet sent by God but not equal to God. The position Klostermaier takes on Jesus, or ‘Son of Man’, is that he is the movement towards God in every being. He is what ultimately allows for us to have a relationship with God. The Son of Man only makes use of two basic distinctions: My Father on the one side everything else on the other. He doesn’t judge people based off of other people’s judgment or the rules set by man, rather he judges people based on their relation to the Father. Klostermaier also wants us to recognize that Christ is not an ‘avatara’. There were many people before Jesus’ time who were sent on this earth to save God’s people from particular calamities that were caused by mankind. Those people were very important because they were chosen by God to do his will. Noah’s obedience to God’s command to salvage humanity by building an arc to withstand the flood or Moses standing up to the Pharaoh and allowing his people to be set free are just a few instances of God’s sons who assisted in salvation. Saying Jesus is the ‘Only Son of God’ is putting a limitation on the abilities of God and not recognizing his full power. It also confuses the Muslim sect because of their belief that God sent many people throughout history who were a source of deliverance from any disaster that was occurring at the time. They are referred to as prophets therefore Jesus must also be a prophet and nothing more. Instead, he wants us to look at Christ as the movement to God Senestant 3 that will grant us ultimate salvation. He is the deciding factor that will determine whether we will enjoy eternity in the promise land or feel the wrath of God as we torment in hell. A second main issue in the book is dialoguing on a daily basis with familiar and unfamiliar religions. Before dialoguing with other people, it’s crucial to have a great understanding on your own religion. It’s very important to study and learn what your beliefs are founded upon, although it’s very time consuming and doesn’t aid in spiritual progress. While it is good to study and familiarize yourself with the religion you are currently practicing, it is also beneficial to converse with others about your religion as well. People tend to only see what’s on the surface because they are uneducated and misguided on certain areas and fail in attempting to delve deeper to find the true meaning of things. As you enter into dialogue with someone of an opposing religion, you must be very open-minded and unbiased to allow each other to learn things that aren’t obvious at first glance. It allows for a different perspective of who you think you are and helps you identify if you’re living and acting according to your beliefs. It’s also important to have inner dialogue with yourself. Meditating and reflecting on the impact our religion have in our lives and in our hearts. Is the essence of Hinduism and Christianity or any other religion we profess just words coming out of our mouths or does it directly impact our lives and allows us to live in peace and unity? These are the questions we must ask ourselves in helping to determine if we’re living in fallacy and wasting our time, or if we’re in accordance to Senestant 4 our beliefs. A starving old Brahmin talked about four kinds of people praying: â€Å"some pray that God should preserve their wealth, others that God should give them wealth. Those who asked for heavens were better; but those who neither had nor wanted riches and did not ask for heaven, but only wished to serve God for his own sake, they were the best. †(Klostermaier 95) Those people who only wished to serve God know of his magnificence and splendor and being connected to that will enhance their spirituality and respect for man and not traditions. This allows anyone from any religion to become like brothers and sisters. â€Å"If we insisted on our theologies – you as a Christian, I as a Hindu – we should be fighting each other. We have found one another because we probed more deeply, towards spirituality. †(Klostermaier 99) A third issue in the book is the idea of three persons in one God. Many established religions view God as being absolute and indescribable because of how minute we are compared to God. Other religions are able to grasp the physical nature of God and give him attributes and qualities which can only be possible if this God was visible. However, Christians hold the position that God is both of these things and can go between each form when necessary. This is seen by God revealing himself through his son Jesus Christ. Through him we’re able to become attached and have understanding of where our beliefs lie. When other religions look at Christianity, they view it as a religion without any real philosophy and that â€Å"it has taken its teachings from everywhere and justifies them by claiming to possess the only true revelation, to Senestant 5 dispense the only salvation† (Klostermaier 29). Therefore they see it as being immature when relating to religion. They even go as far as saying they’re uneducated on their religion therefore they can’t hold intelligent conversations and go in depth on the various issues that involve religion. I found this to be very true because as a Christian myself, I attempted to discuss religion with one of my atheist friends. After a few minutes went by, I realized I didn’t know as much as I thought. It led me to examining what I believed in and why. Towards the end of the conversation, I grew more respect for people who weren’t adapted to a particular religion and understood there’s a lot that can be learned from them. It showed me the unimportance of the different sects of religion and only claiming to a religion without close examination of it will lead to immaturity and idiocy. As a Sikh professor in Klostermaier’s book says, â€Å"Religion cannot be proved by logic – religion is inner experience. †(Klostermaier 31) This inner experience is affirmed through meditation as well as the various acts of people around you whom you have no association with. When looking at theological exclusivism versus pluralism, it is confusing as to whether they are relevant in deciding whether to converse with people of different religions. Looking only at theological exclusivism, it is the theological position that holds to the finality of the Christian faith in Christ. The finality of Christ means that there is no salvation outside the Christian faith. By definition, exclusivism seems to be self-contradictory. It contains the fact that Senestant 6 human beings are limited in the amount of knowledge they have and are unable to understand the infinite(God) to its fullness. However, followers of this concept are not restricted in believing that they are the only people that have the ability to be connected to God. They look at people of other religions as being infidels, not actually having a religious belief. They also claim to be the ones most devoted to God, when in all actuality; they are just followers of religious doctrine, created by man. Though the Bible was created by man, it was said to be created through spiritual guidance of the Most High. Every religious person who looks at the Bible sees it as being full of truth, which by nature is exclusivist. So everyone who follows the rules and guidelines the Bible have set in place is partially exclusivist. Since the Bible is considered as be exclusivist, it is only right to dwell on some of teachings it talks about. It talks about a God, who is full of mercy and compassion, one who loves all of his children and continues to love them through all the sins they have committed and continue to commit. It is a God that loved us so much that, â€Å"he gave his one and only begotten Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. † (Stoughton 897) A God of this nature does not sound like a God that will only come to save those who believe in Christ. Although that was his only ‘begotten son’, they are many people who do not have the opportunity to believe in such a religion. This can be caused by the way the person was rought up, or where the person was brought up, in which case Christianity was not the religion of choice. They are also instances of when someone dies prematurely and does not Senestant 7 have the opportunity to have a true relationship with Christ Jesus. These people shouldn’t be and are not exempt from the sanctifying grace of God. Th is is a God who created all of mankind in his image and likeness, so that everyone will have the ability to be saved. â€Å"God must be seen at the center of religions / The pluralistic contention is that all religions are fundamentally the same though superficially different. (Hick 42) The pluralist believes that the world religions are true and equally valid in their communication of the truth about God, the world, and salvation. This is also backed by the Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions, which says that other religions possess â€Å"validity and truth in their own right / These religions are understood as different cultural reflections or expressions of the same divine reality and as such constitute legitimate ways to God† (Larousse 437). This seems to make the most logical sense because we are not sole-bearers of the truth. We were only created to praise and give worship to the Almighty. Since this is true, we will all have our own understanding and interpretations about who God is, what our place is in this world and why we were created, and the steps in receiving salvation. At the core of our beliefs we hold the same truths, but slightly differ in minor details. Some examples are the day in which we should attend mass or how often we should pray. Yes these things are important and are what gives meaning to our life, but God only requires us to recognize who he is and the impact he has in our lives. By whatsoever way men worship Me, even so do I accept them; for, in all ways, O Partha, men walk in My path. † Senestant 8 (Bhagavad-Gita 4. 11) God is evident in all religions that have him in its center. As long as his followers stay true to the doctrine their religion provides, God will have favor on them. Many of the religions out there share these commonalities so they should be treated with equa lity when evaluating their doctrine with respect to God. In the sense of interreligious dialogue, the idea of being a theological exclusivist is irrelevant. It does not bring anything meaningful to the table when people of two different religions come together. Rather it would just be hurtful banter between the opposing religions and nothing worthwhile will be accomplished. Since by definition, an exclusivist can only view their religion and belief as being the only one which holds the absolute truth, to deviate from this by indulging in conversations that can potential alter that belief is dangerous and when placed in a position like that, mockery will be imminent. The only way the strengthen interreligious dialogue is through a pluralist outlook. They both go hand in hand, in that a pluralist will be very open to dialogue. This will increase their knowledge of not only the other person’s religion but also one’s own, since they both stem from the same root. Senestant 9 Works Cited 1)Goring, Rosemary, Frank Whaling, John Marshall, and David Brogan. Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions. Edinburgh: Larousse, 1994. Print. 2)Lopresti, Matthew. INTER-RELIGIOUS DIALOGUE AND RELIGIOUS PLURALISM: A Philosophical Critique of Pope Benedict XVI and the Fall of Religious Absolutism (Matthew LoPresti) Academia. edu. Hawaii Pacific University Academia. du. Hawaii Pacific University. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. . 3)Marbaniang, Domenic. Theology Of Religions: Pluralism, Inclusivism, Exclusivism  « Earthpages. org. Earthpages. org. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. . 4)Bhagavadgita. Lewiston, N. Y. [u. a. : Edwin Mellen Pr. , 2010. Print. 5)Klostermaier, Klaus, and Antonia Fonseca. In the Paradise of Krishna: Hindu and Christian Seekers. Ph iladelphia: Westminster, 1969. Print. 6)Hick, John. God and the Universe of Faiths : Essays in the Philosophy of Religion. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988. Print. 7)NIV Bible. London: Hodder Stoughton, 1997. Print.

Side Effects, Directed by Steven Soderbergh Essay -- Movie Film Analys

The film, Side Effects, is quite twisted and unnerving as it begins with the impression of the female lead, Emily Taylor, walking through pools of blood and leaving her blood stained footprints on the wood floors. Later we learn this is the murder scene. The film flashed back 3 months time. Emily was visiting her husband, Martin, who was convicted of insider trading. He was finishing his 4-year sentence and was soon to be released. Emily and her mother-in-law arrived to bring Martin home. After his release, he explains to his wife a social worker stopped by to speak with him and had given him a pamphlet on reintegrating into the community. As Martin attempted to settle back into his normal life he learned his wife had her own struggles. Martin learned Emily was severely depressed with suicidal ideation. Emily was leaving for work one morning and was driving her vehicle through the parking structure of their apartment home. She drove her vehicle into a cement wall at high speeds. She was rushed to the emergency room where it was determined this was an intentional act. She was assigned a psychiatrist, Dr. Banks. Dr. Banks learned she had dealt with depression in the past and wrote her a prescription for an anti-depressant. She pled her case to not be admitted into the psych-ward, primarily because her husband was just released from prison and does not have employment. Dr. Banks accommodates her request after she promised to take the medication as prescribed and meet with him at his office for counseling. Martin saw the suffering Emily was experiencing and told her he had a friend he met â€Å"inside† who was very intelligent and wanted to start a business when he was released. He re-assured Emily h... ...search project with Ablixa. He however, fought back in a different way than that of Emily and Dr. Siebert. Although he had to do the harder right thing, he chose to remain a conformist and refused to attain his goals through illegitimate means. As in most movies there is a happy ending and in this case the conformist wins. In the real world however, the majority of society falls into conformity and very few move out of their subculture or move up in social class. Works Cited Cole, G., & Smith, C. (2011). Criminal Justice in America. Belmont, CA, United States of America: Wadsworth Cengage Learnig. Jezak, J. a. (n.d.). David Emile Durkheim Exploration of Durkheim's "Suicide" . Retrieved March 22, 2014, from http://edurkheim.tripod.com/id19.html Siegel, L. (2011). Criminology The Core. Belmont, CA, United States of America: Wadsowrth Cengage Learning.

When Preschool Teachers Meet New Immigrant Parents Education Essay

1.0 Introduction.The American educational system is multi faceted mired with legion hurdlings and chances, in order for it to work consistently there must be rules embedded in it to guarantee that all the parties taking portion in the system are to the full accountable. In order for the educational system to accomplish its aims, instructors and parents must pitch their attempts towards achieving correspondent ends for the kids. Parents should be empowered with the critical cognition so that they are in a place to understand the demands exerted on instructor ‘s clip and the energy ( Macfarlane, 2002 ) . Furthermore, the instructors must be roused to the countless concerns that parents have about their kids ‘s instruction and finally their life ends. Inherently intertwined within this confront is the desperate demand for the full schooling community to run in agreement where parents, kids and instructors feel esteemed, supported and heard. There are downpours of challenges broached by both parents and instructors who have to cover with dissimilar civilizations, values and systems. The presence of immigrants in the U.S pre school system can be seen as both a challenge and a learning chance for the school decision makers and the instructors. Conversely, parents have got their portion of strain to postulate with as they fall short of the critical cognition on how to take part in the instruction system in order to impact their kids public presentation positively. Broached with similar challenges, it ‘s logical for both the instructors and the parents of the immigrant pupils to hammer a working relationship, which will enable them to run as a unit to brazen out a common challenge. The extreme challenge that both the parents and the pupils of the immigrants have to cover with is cultural incongruousness. At the pre school instruction degree, most kids are normally natural and uninformed on the societal norms and cultural values of the American people this creates a rift between them and the native pupils as they are perceived as foreigners and artless. When instructors are non well-versed with the particular cultural ascriptions of the foreign pupil a communicating barrier is created making anxiousness in the acquisition environment. In order for the instructors to take part in their instruction responsibility efficaciously, where the immigrant pupils are concerned, they must infer first manus information refering the pupils from their parents a factor which will assist them plan their course of study to suit the varied demands of the pupils encountered in the schoolroom. There is battalion of barriers that immigrant parents have to postulate with as they get attuned to the environment ; their outlooks vary in relation to how they expect the instructors to associate with their kids in the instruction system. However, parents can play an active function by guaranting that they approach the instructors personally during the first acquisition hebdomad so that they can supply them with all the critical inside informations they need to cognize refering their kids. This paper will dig into a through scrutiny of the possible beginnings of divergency, in relation to how immigrant parents enmesh with instructors in the new educational system in order to impel their kids towards their life ends. Further, this research will analyse the myriad challenges that both immigrant parents and kids broach in the American instruction system. For the intents of earning all the facts and positions in relation to this subject assorted articles and research documents will be utilized. Listening to the Voices of Immigrant Parents, by Jennifer et Al is one such article which will be scrutinized in this research to set up the assorted concerns raised by the immigrant parents over the American instruction system and how they think it affects their kids public presentation. Diversity and the new immigrants by Miller is another paramount beginning of information which will assist into examining the assorted diversenesss brought Forth by the immigrants who settle into America and prosecute instruction. An inexplicit position on the issue of making a feasible resonance between instructors and the immigrant parents will be inferred from the famously know volume learning to offend: Education as the pattern of freedom by maulerss. In order to engender away the best scheme on how the whole American instruction system can get by with the issue of immigrants in the educational sector this research will borrow constructs extended by. Multicultural Education Training and Advocacy entitled Attention immigrant parents. By and large, this research will light into the fact that pre school instructors can be able to set up a good working resonance with the immigrant parents and kids through creative activity of good communicating system and cultural integrating which will assist to pacify their disparities and misinterpretations.2.0 Literature Review.Immigrants who move to US to settle for good are instantly confronted by the enlightening disparity between their civilization and the American civ ilization. Culture is a really powerful societal instrument which affects the manner people behave, make determinations, relate with others and tantrum in the society. The cultural disagreement between the foreigners and the Americans creates a rift because it eliminates the common platform through which positions and sentiments are shared. Changeless fright of being misconstrued vehemently thrives between the distinguishable parties restricting any attempt of the two to work together. The challenge becomes more terrible in the educational system where instructors and parents must work in homogeny to guarantee success for the kids. A research conducted by Felgado, ( 2005 ) established the fact that the major grounds why pre school pupils fail in their academic work is hapless or deficiency of engagement of their parents in their educational affair ( pg.91 ) the survey farther found out that 78 % of all the parent who participated actively in their kids instruction propelled their kids to accomplish good classs, therefore the issue of parental engagement in the pre school instruction becomes inevitable ( pg.102 ) . Full parental support and engagement in kids ‘s instruction is a really important ingredient in instruction it forms a preliminary to the unconquered kid ‘s public presentation. Though the media has been cheerful to clarify on the struggles experienced in schools owing to immigrants and the broken communicating they cause, it has been loath to recite on how this colossal job can be dealt with discreetly. Furthermore, a batch of literature spawned in relation to immigrants and instruction d oes non touch to the significance of hammering a positive working relationship between parents and instructors. A batch of prominence is given to the immigrants as the beginning of the job due to the clashing civilizations. Nonetheless, some bookmans have endeavored to foreground how immigrants ‘ preschool pupils can profit from the U.S educating system through a coordinate work of instructors and parents. Hooks ( 2004 ) is convinced that the Educational institutes must play the greatest function in set uping mutual communicating channels through which all the parents whether native or immigrants can entree aid and voice out their sentiments. The obstructor of communicating between the American instructors and the immigrants is created by hapless communicating, pre mature rating, biass and hapless constructions for conveying message. It ‘s hence really necessary to set up the best channels through which communicating is launched so that parents can easy entree the instructors to turn to any concern they may hold or describe any grudges to the school disposal. Immigrant parents and kids must to the full intermix to the educational system and the first measure toward accomplishing this end can be mandated by educational institutes through creative activity of accommodating environment which tolerates diverseness and different civilizations. Harmonizing to Desiree Qin, ( 2004 ) â€Å" Both the parents and the pupils must experience accepted as portion of the whole system. â€Å" ( pg.6 ) The enrollment procedure should include pointing parents to the norms and the outlooks of the school, such things as school policies, processs, rating construction, and plans should be offered in the native linguistic communication of the peculiar immigrant. This goes a long manner in determining the multiplicity of the instruction offered in that peculiar school. Through direct face to confront communicating, parents who have non been exposed to the U.S educational system must be informed on the construction and the format of the class agendas and the peculiar activities packed in each academic calendar. Forging a feasible relationship between the pre school instructors and the parents is the absolute trial, it involves a batch of forbearance and apprehension where both the parties are supposed to play an active function to guarantee that they create a common platform through which they can pass on and work in unison. The instructors, who are rather equipped with the critical cognition on how to cover with cultural diverseness, must take the lead in making a foundation for this relationship to boom. Immigrant parents have countless premises about school establishing their positions on their anterior experiences during their schooling yearss which frequently times are basically different from those of their kids ( Miller, 1995 ) As Miller, assert â€Å" A parent who attended a really formal school may happen it hard to understand the educational value of drama in the early old ages. ( pg.23 ) † So when you tell such a parent that child need to play as portion of larning experie nce struggle is likely to break out. Sometimes the slang that is used in the schools in relation to the course of study and attainments does non in filter into the heads and this makes them experience isolated as though their function in their kids ‘s instruction is non important. Teachers should make a span through which parents can entree them with their assorted concerns, a civilization of openness should be inculcated in the system to guarantee that parents are able to voice their concerns and that the instructors tackle the named issues diligently. Even if most immigrants are gnawed by other societal affairs like racial favoritism, biass, poorness and disaffection instructors should make a resonance with them and enable them voice out their hurdlings. Teachers need non be answerable for their jobs but listening in creates an apprehension which is critical in order for a good teacher-student relation to boom. Teachers have the ethical duty to come in into duologue with immigrant parents refering their kids in order to be good equipped with all the background information necessary for augmenting their apprehension in order to hammer a good working relationship with the pupils. Parents on their ain behalf have got the authorization to intermix with the instruction system through active engagement in their kids ‘s instruction. Parents should do every attempt to hold a close talk with their kids instructors in order to construct a relationship of trust. The best clip for parents to run into with the instructors is during the first hebdomad in order for the two parties to run into when there is no complain. The initial meeting opens a channel through which the instructors and the parent can be united with a common end, a end of set uping success in the life of the pupil. When there is no operable working relationship between the parents and the instructors, kids suffer most. This is because the instructors are non in apposition to understand them and undertake them in relation to their cultural dispositions. As Massachusetts State Department of Education noted. ( 1990 ) the deficiency of sensitiveness to the behavioural dispositions of an immigrant pupil may take the instructor to mistreat or misconstrue the kid ‘s behavior and this may earn tenseness in the schoolroom scenario impacting the public presentation of the kid ( pg.41 ) . An issue of important importance is holding direct engagement of the immigrant parent in to the educational system ; this would make latitude through which the instructor and pupils are able to run in agreement. Milagros, Campbell ( 2006 ) highlighted the fact that instructors have to play an active function in guaranting that they remit critical information to parents refering the advancement of their kids in legion countries. Teachers have to construction the information carefully so that it reflects how they value the kids non as academic winner ‘s but as human. If a instructor handles, his study on the advancement of kids gauchely the parents may be dismayed and wholly demoralized examining them to believe that their kids are already being judged harshly and misjudged such a message has a monolithic potency to damage both the immigrant parents and the pupils. While discoursing and measuring the advancement of the kid instructors must be acute to guarantee that the parents understand the brand certain parents understand the background and the significance of the information conveyed refering their kids. Teachers must ever retrieve that the greatest concern that a parent has on his k id is their well being and their advancement.3.0 Articles Analysis.Harmonizing to a survey carried out by Jennifer Adair and Joseph Tobin dubbed â€Å" Listening to the Voices of Immigrant Parents. † It was deduced that many immigrant parents opt for an educational course of study that gave a batch of accent on the academic direction. Most of the immigrants scorn against a system which teaches their kids of their native linguistic communication and intermix their native system with the American system. The findings further established that parents preferable instructors who were more directives in the instances where disoutes were concerned as this would assist to heighten subject and good behavior on their kids. Jennifer et al do non rather agree with the consequences deduced from their survey as they think it would be of import for the pupils to hold bilingual instruction which would help in absorbing constructivism in their instruction ( pg.4 ) There is a singular accomplishment garnered through childhood instruction for it helps in heightening communicating accomplishments and interpersonal relation accomplishments. When bilingual instruction is embraced the pupils are more sceptered to understand their ain universe and their civilization and this helps them to intermix it with the foreign civilization which forms their foundational instruction. In instances where it is non embraced the educational practicians employ hierarchal communicating with the pupils and the parents alternatively of mutual and as a consequence the pupils are non at easiness to show their constructs or positions in the schoolroom. The survey they carried asserts the significance of keeping duologue between the immigrant parents and the instructors. The duologue should be tagged with understanding with no contention or antagonist. This sort of resonance helps both the instructors and the parents to speak through their uncertainties and ambivalency refering the best programs necessary to maneuver the kid towards attainment of his life ends. Many signifiers of communications should be enhanced between the instructors and the immigrant parents assisting to develop consensus and common trust. Teachers in all their enterprises should back up the ends that the parents have established for their kids instruction. The childhood instruction and attention plans should equilibrate sensitiveness to the immigrant ‘s civilization and linguistic communication with the demand to assist the immigrant kid learn the host state ‘s linguistic communication soonest possible. ( Jennifer et al, 1997 ) There must be a systematic manner of intermixing the immigrants ‘ civilization with the American civilization in order to assist the pupils adjust to the instruction surroundings foremost. Their native civilization should non be sacrificed but should be integrated with the American civilization so that the pupils will lose nil. Desiree Baolian Qin in his survey of the early childhood instruction â€Å" Our Child Does n't Talk to Us Anymore: Alienation in Immigrant Chinese Families † in relation to the Chinese immigrants asserted the demand for the pupils to be taken through bilingual course of study. This is because when pupils are taken through the new state ‘s instruction system disregarding their native civilization and linguistic communication this alienates them from their household paths and they become disoriented without a moral and value footing in their behavior. Qin expresses the concern that the pupils which go through the American instruction system without holding to analyze their background civilization switch their attending from their cultural value and encompass the foreign civilization a factor which creates a rift between them and their parents. The system creates an emotional withdrawal so that the pupils are no longer interested in their parents during adolescence. The features normally found amongst the young persons who under go the American civilization and preparation without giving any consideration to the Chinese system include deficiency of emotional affinity, diminishing communicating, and diminishing parental engagement in kids ‘s academic and psychosocial lives ( Qin,2004 ) . This fact can do emotional torment to the Chine parents who value a good emotional relationship with their kids. Children are no longer bothered to look into on their parents, and the household relationships disintegrate through the disaffection so that there is no longer understanding between parents and kids. When double frame instruction which encompasses both the Chinese back land and the American civilization is pursued, it is still eclipsed by the increasing demands that are exerted on the parents who have to work excess difficult to provide for the day-to-day demands of the household other factors like structural and lingual barriers still interfere doing it to be uneffective ( pg.3 ) . In order for the parents to minimise the degree of disaffection in their kids later in life it ‘s of import that they get involved intensely in the earliest childhood instruction. Notably, some immigrant Chinese pupils who have solid foundation in their cultural instruction still pull off to execute good in their upper instruction irrespective of the disaffection and the turning relationships their portion with their parents. Immigrant kids may go on to make good academically. The research carried by Angela et al â€Å" The Education of Children in Immigrant Families. † gives a acute accent on the importance of ensnarling the varied immigrants civilization into the American civilization in order to ease a unvarying platform through which pupils entree instruction. Diversity should ne'er be treated as an hinderance but instead as an chance for farther exposure and more cognitions so immigrants should heighten their civilization and at the same clip embrace the American civilization in order to boom amidst the integrating. For case when a pupil understands how households organize their lives within specific contexts of response can afford us ways of understanding the broad scope of experiences kids live ( Angela et al, 2009 ) . It is by understanding the other civilizations that credence is built and where there is credence cognition can non be hindered. By encompassing their civilization together with the new norms and values observed in America, kids spawn their developmental way ways doing them suit in their society and the metropolitan American civilization. Milagros Morillo-Campbell in â€Å" advancing ell parental engagement: challenges in contested times. † feel that the cardinal o successful merger of the diversified civilizations of the immigrants into the American instruction system is by affecting the parents in the instruction. The non English speech production parents should fall in the English Language Learners ( ELL ) and be taught on how to pass on with the instructors in order to set up a good working relationship. The traditional engagement of parents in the educational sector should be embraced because this move is culturally relevant and linguistically appropriate ( Morillo, 2006 ) Many immigrants are non able to take part in the schooling procedure of their kids because they do n't cognize English and can non therefore converse with the instructors, nevertheless by larning English they become better placed and can play the function of go-between between their kids and their instructors. In order to heighten the engagement of the parents into the instruction system the plan should be funded so that both the parents and instructors can commune in return and assist the kids to make their possible. . In order for this scheme to be to the full implemented in the educational sector the American instruction system should back up the traditionally community based instruction aiming the enlightenment of the parents in order to heighten their engagement in assisting the kids with their educational duties.4.0 Decision.Research workers, pedagogues, instructors and parents should work in agreement to heighten the improvement of the instruction offered to the immigrant pupils. Owing to the turning figure of the immigrants shacking in America it is of import to observe that their success affects the fate of the U.S. hence their educational success should be pursued diligently. The professionals who have the authorization of covering with the immigrants should make a leeway through which the parents of the immigrant pupils will go involved with their instruction straight. Constitution of good communicating steps and channels is the hall grade through which the barriers to offering first-class instruction to immigrants is buffered. By easing a good kid and parent relationship and communicating goes a long manner in minimising the generational spreads which create disaffection. Schools should both educate and back up the parents on how to back up the kids and edify them on their civilization and back land for proper cultural integrating. The most of import aspect in guaranting that immigrants obtain first-class instruction is authorising them through cognition, accepting them and affecting their parents in their educational advancement.

Database

DBDC11D| Database concepts| Assignment 1| | Robyn Wright| 3/27/2013| | Contents Introduction2 Task 13 1. 1Definition of database management system3 1. 25 Advantages of database management system3 1. 33 Business functions database management system could do3 1. 45 database management system packages3 1. 510 Factors when choosing a database management system3 Task 25 2. 1Create a database if it does not yet exist5 2. 2Show if the database has been created5 2. 3Use a specific database5 2. 4Delete a database5 2. 5Create a table with columns5 2. Insert information into a table5 2. 7Extract certain information from a table6 Task 37 3. 1The eight stages of the database design process7 Conclusion9 Reference List10 Introduction A database is a group of information that is stored in a computerised way for easy access, organization and reupdating http://searchsqlserver. techtarget. com/definition/database (2013). Databases can be used in many different ways and in many different companies. In t his assignment we see how a database can fit into a law firm. Task 1 1. 1Definition of database management systemSoftware that allows a computer to perform database functions of storing, retrieving, adding, deleting and modifying data (Mike Chappel, 2012). 1. 25 Advantages of database management system 1. Minimized data inconsistency – In a properly designed database, the chance of finding inconsistency within the data becomes very slim. 2. Less redundancy – Inside the database, the data is only recorded in one part of the database. This reduces the amount of redundancies (or copies) of the data as well as save storage space http://navdeep19. blogspot. om/2012/04/advantages-and-disadvantages-of. html (2012). 3. Backup and Recovery Procedures – The data is backed up regularly to protect the data from being lost due to power failures, lightning etc. 4. Security – Will only allow people who are authorized to get access to the data as well as update and retri eve data. This minimizes the chance of data getting to people who are unauthorized access the data http://www. myreadingroom. co. in/home/226. html (2013). 5. Sharing – If people have authorization, they can access the information from other locations.Database Management System and DataMany people can have access to the same set of data at the same time. The data can also be shared between certain programs. 1. 33 Business functions database management system could do 1. Show upcoming court cases 2. Retrieve case files faster 3. Search through the information to locate specific information, ex, searching for similar case 1. 45 database management system packages 1. Microsoft SQL server 2. MySQL 3. Oracle 4. Sybase 5. IMB Informix 1. 510 Factors when choosing a database management system 1. The price of the database 2. The features comply with what is needed . Supported programming language 4. The scalability of the database 5. The transportability of the database 6. Can it con tain the information I need to use it for 7. Does it work on the operating system used in the company 8. The platform and the database comply with each other 9. It performs well, is not known to have many, to no problems 10. Decide on the type of database that is needed Task 2 2. 1Create a database if it does not yet exist Create database if not exists bransonclientdb; 2. 2Show if the database has been created SHOW DATABASES LIKE ‘bransonclientdb’; . 3Use a specific database USE bransonclientdb; 2. 4Delete a database DROP DATABASE bransonclientdb; 2. 5Create a table with columns CREATE TABLE client (clientNumber int(11) not null, clientLastName varchar(45) not null, clientFirstName varchar(45) not null, Title varchar(5) not null, TellephoneNum varchar(10) not null, CellNum varchar(10) not null, primary key (clientNumber)); 2. 6Insert information into a table INSERT INTO client VALUES (‘001’,’Boehm’,’Barry’,’Mr’,â₠¬â„¢0123456789’,’0831235657’); 2. 7Extract certain information from a table SELECT * FROM overdueWHERE OutstandingAmount >1200 ORDER BY clientFirstName; Task 3 3. 1The eight stages of the database design process Step 1: Purpose of the database This is where the information/ data for the database is found. We locate the information as well as decide on the database type, what database to use. We would use the following item to help in this step: Business rules (to understand what the table names could be). Example of information found in this step would be: using MySQL, the model structure, planning for the next steps Step 2: Data informationThis is the step where all the information is organized. We organize it into required information and not required, into names, surnames, ID number – this is to get column names for our tables. Note that nothing has been created yet. Example of information found in this step: client_ID; client_first_name; client_last_n ame. Step 3: Table sorting and structure This is the step where we begin to create a database. We start creating entities and table structures. This is the base, or foundation of the database, nothing can exist without it.Examples of what is found in it: a table named court_dates, or a table named client_lists Step 4: Columns and records In this step we input at the information into the tables. We firstly enter all the relevant fields or columns and then we enter the information into the relevant fields. What can be found: a table Step 5: Primary Keys This step, is where we, inside the table define which column will become the primary key for the table. Here is an example of a statement setting a primary key (red block) The primary key helps to identify rows Dr. Croft, N. (2013).An example of a primary key is: clinet_id Step 6: Relationships In this step, we define how tables are related to each other. If it is a one to one, one to many or a many to many. It is a way to define what data in one table is related to in other tables. Example would be a one to many. Step 7: Design Revisions We check for any design flaws in this step, add foreign keys and add adjustements to the design where needed. Example: Adding foreign keys Step 8: Normalization In the last and final step we check for errors in our tables, we make sure they are structured correctly and are removed of all redundant behaviour.Conclusion In this assignment I have learnt how to navigate the basics of MySQL. I learnt how to add information and select information from a database. I learnt about the reasoning behind creating a database and why it is a better choice than that of a paper based nature. Reference List Administrator (2013)  Advantages and disadvantages of DBMS. [online] Available at: http://www. myreadingroom. co. in/home/226. html [Accessed: 23 Mar 2013]. Dr. Croft, N. (2013)  Database Design Concepts. Johannesburg : CTI Education Group. Navdeep19. blogspot. om (2012)  Excellence: Ad vantages and Disadvantages of Database Management System (DBMS). [online] Available at: http://navdeep19. blogspot. com/2012/04/advantages-and-disadvantages-of. html [Accessed: 23 Mar 2013]. Chapple, M. (2012)  Database Management System. [online] Available at: http://databases. about. com/od/administration/g/dbms. htm [Accessed: 19 Feb 2013] Searchsqlserver. techtarget. com (2013)  What is database? – Definition from WhatIs. com. [online] Available at: http://searchsqlserver. techtarget. com/definition/database [Accessed: 26 Mar 2013]